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THE 



- 



r 



COMPLETE SPELLING-BOOK 



CONTAINING 

A SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE DIFFL 
CULTIES IN ORTHOGRAPHY ARISING FROM THE IRRE- 
GULAR SOUND OF THE LETTERS. 



SENTENCES FOR WRITING FROM DICTATION, 



LISTS 01? WORDS FOE EXAMINATION 
AND EEVIEW. 



BY 

daniei/leach, a.m., 

fPERINTENDENT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OPPROYIDENCE. 



PHILADELPHIA : 

II. COWPERTHWAIT & CO. 
1856. . 



-?£ 



*v 



.L* 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, by 

DANIEL LEACH, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for 

the District of Rhode Island. 

STEREOTYPED WI J..FAGAET, PHn.ADELPHTA. 



RUNTED BY SMITH & PETEBS, 

franklin Buildings, Sixth Street, below Aril 

Philadelphia. 



rREFACE. 



The object in preparing the present work has been, 
so to arrange and classify the difficulties in Orthogra- 
phy, that they may be easily overcome by the pupil. 
These difficulties have their origin in the fact that the 
sounds of most of the letters are variable and irregular, 
and that different combinations of letters are often 
employed to represent the same sound. 

It must be admitted that the progress in any science 
is facilitated just so far as its known principles are 
classified and brought under general heads. 

It is also evident that, in order to spell well, one 
must be able to pronounce correctly. In accordance 
with these acknowledged principles, a full description 
has been given of the various sounds of the letters, and 
especially of the vowels and diphthongs, and their 
equivalents. 

But the most marked and distinguishing feature of 
the work is, the alphabetical arrangement of the diffe- 
rent terminations employed to represent the same sound, 

(iii) 



IV PREFACE. 

and the lists of words in the body of the work corre- 
sponding to this alphabetical key. 

Words that present no difficulty, and which can be 
readily spelled without study, by those who can read 
fluently, have, after the introductory lessons, been 
purposely omitted, excepting such as have been intro- 
duced to be compared with other words similarly pro- 
nounced, but spelled differently. 

Oral spelling, and spelling by writing from dicta- 
tion, should be both daily practised. Each method has 
its peculiar advantages. In the one case, the pupil 
becomes accustomed to the correct pronunciation of 
the word by the ear ; in the other, the eye is a power- 
ful auxiliary in impressing the form of the word on the 
memory. 

An exercise in spelling may be conducted in the 
following manner : — The class may be called out with 
their slates — or they may use them in their seats — and 
the Teacher may read the sentences or pronounce the 
words with great care and distinctness, for the pupils 
to write. The scholars may then exchange slates. 
The Teacher may take the slate of the scholar at the 
head of the class, or it may be passed to the one at 
the foot, and each of the others may pass his slate to 
the one next to him on his right. The Teacher .then 
should spell each word correctly, and a mark should 
be made against the words misspelled by those holding 
the slates. Afterwards the slates should be returned, 



PREFACE. V 

and each scholar should correct his own mistakes. 
Advanced pupils should keep a blank book, for the 
purpose of writing all the words they do not spell cor- 
rectly. The most difficult words, or those most fre- 
quently misspelled, should be written on a black-board 
in view of the whole school. 

It is believed that there are but very few, if any 
difficulties in Orthography, not presented in this work. 
Its plan and peculiar characteristics can be best learned 
by a careful examination. 

Providence, Nov., 1856. 
1* 



THE 



COMPLETE SPELLING-BOOK 



Orthography. 



Orthography treats of sounds, letters, syllables, and 
words. 

The simplest sound of the English language is called an 
elementary sound* 

There are usually reckoned about forty elementary 
sounds. These sounds may be divided into vocals, sub- 
vocals, and aspirates. 

The vocals consist of pure tone only ; as : a, e, i, o, u. 

The subvocals consist of tone united with breath ; as : 
b, d, I, m, n, r. 

The aspwates consist of pure breath only ; as : p, t, k, f. 
Vocals are divided into long and short. 

The long sound can be protracted at pleasure ; as : 
may ay, bee ee. 

The short sound is formed by a similar position of the 
organs, but with an explosive effort ; as : pen, pin. 

(7) 



8 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Letters. 

The characters used to represent elementary sounds are 
called Letters. 

The English Alphabet contains twenty-six letters. They 
are of two kinds, Capitals and small, letters. The 
various kinds of letters are the English or Roman, the 
Italic, #1$ ISUfilfSil, and 3%ft£ 

When several letters, or combination of letters, repre- 
sent the same sound, they are called equivalents ; as : maid, 
made. Thus a may be equivalent to ai, ay, ei, ao, ua, ea. 

When a letter has no sound, it is called silent. 

= placed between letters, or combinations of letters, 
signifies equivalent in sound. Thus : ace = ase means 
that ace has the same sound as ase. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 







The Alphabet. 






ROMAN. 


ITALIC. 


OLD 


ENGLISH. 


Capitals. 


Small Letters. 


Capitals. 


Small Letters. 


Capitals 


Small Letters 


A 


a 


A 


a 


a 


u 


B 


b 


B 


b 


23 


h 


G 


c 


a 


c 


& 


t 


D 


d 


D 


d 


m 


a 


E 


e 


E 


e 


m 





E 


f 


F 


f 


$ 


f 


G 


g 


G 


g 


m 


s 


H 


h 


H 


h 


a 


ii 


I 


i 


I 


i 


k 


f 


J 


J 


J 


J 


3 


J 


K 


k 


K 


k 


It 


ft 


L 


1 


L 


I 


H 


I 


M 


m 


M 


m 


«w 


m 


N 


n 


N 


n 


M 


n 




















P 


P 


P 


P 


33 


P 


Q 


q 


Q 


<2 


<& 


Q 


R 


r 


B 


r 


M 


r 


S 


s 


S 


s 


« 


s 


T 


t 


T 


t 


e 


t 


U 


u 


U 


u 


m 


u 


y 


V 


V 


V 


m 


fe 


w 


w 


w 


w 


m 


to 


X 


X 


X 


X 


X 


P 


Y 


y 


Y 


y 


i> 


3 


Z 


z 


z 


z ' 


% 


? 



10 THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



Classes of Letters. 

Letters may be divided into two classes — Vowels and 
Consonants. 

Those letters which represent vocals are called vowels. 
They are : a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes iv and y. When 
w and y precede a vowel in the same syllable, they are 
consonants. In all other situations they are vowels. 

The letters which represent subvocals and aspirates are 
called consonants. The subvocals are : b, d, g, I, m, n, 
r, v, z. The aspirates are : /, h, k, c, q, p, t, s. When 
x is equivalent to gs, it is a subvocal. When it is equiva- 
lent to ks, it is an aspirate. 

Combinations of Letters. 

Two or more letters may be combined to represent a 
single elementary sound, and a combination of elementary 
sounds may be represented by a single letter. 

The union of two vowels in one syllable is called a diph- 
thong ; as: ou, in sound. 

When both vowels are sounded, it is called a proper 
diphthong ; as : on, in thou. 

When only one of the vowels is sounded, it is called an 
improper diphthong ; as : ea, in heat. 

When three vowels are united in one syllable, it is called 
a triphthong ; as : eau, in beauty. 

When the three vowels are sounded, it is called a proper 
triphthong ; as : uoy, in buoy. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 11 

When one or two vowels are silent, it is called an impro- 
per triphthong ; as : «e, in adieu. 

A letter, or a combination of letters, to be uttered with 
a single impulse of the voice, is called a syllable ; as : 
gar' den. 

A word of one syllable is called a monosyllable ; as : 
man, tree, horse. 

A word of two syllables is called a dissyllable ; as : 
schol' ar, moun' tain. 

A word of three syllables is called a trisyllable ; as : 
ben' e fit, ed' i fice. 

A word of more than three syllables is called a polysyl- 
lable ; as : un faith' ful ness. 

The stress of voice placed upon a particular syllable to t 
distinguish it from others, is called accent. 

Every word of more than "one syllable has one of its 
syllables accented. 

A word that is not derived from some other word, is 
called a primitive word ; as : man, form, harm. 

A word that is derived from some other word, is called 
a derivative word ; as : man' ful, house' less. 

A word formed by uniting two or more entire words, is 
called a compound word ; as : school-house, book-seller. 



12 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



TABLE OF ELEMENTAEY SOUNDS. 

Vocals. 

a, e, i, o, u, on. 



1. That of a in fate. 

2. " of a in far. 

3. " of a in ball. 

4. " of a in hat. 

5. " of e in mete. 

6. " of e in met. 

7. " of i in fine. 

8. " of i in pm. 



9. That of o in note. 



10. 


it 


of o in move. . 


11. 


it 


of o in not. 


12. 


(( 


of u in tiibe. 


13. 


a 


of u in ptdl. 


14. 


it 


of u in tub. 


15. 


a 


of qu in foioid. 



Subvocals. 
&> d> #> ii ? ; m ; w, r, s, &, v, W, 2, 1/. 

9. That of s in song. 



1. 


Thai 


, of b in oat. 


2. 


<< 


of d in dog. 


3. 


< < 


of g in gro. 


4. 


u 


of J in joy. 


5. 


n 


of I in Zot. 


6. 


it 


of m in wan. 


jr. 


it 


of w. in ?20- 


8. 


it 


of r in bar. 



10. 


1 ' of th in this. 


11. 


" of v in vat. 


12. 


f- 1 of w; in wise. 


13. 


" of z in zeal. 


14. 


" of z in azure. 


15. 


" oiymyes. 



Aspirates. 

/, h, r,p, s, t, th, sh, ch, wh. 



1. Thatof/in/aith. 

2. " of/iin7iome. 

3. " of r in ark. 

4. " of p in pin. 

5. " of s in sin. 



6. That of t in fake. 

*l. " of th in thine. 

8. "of sh in s/ione. 

9. " of ch in e/airl. 
10. " of wh in w?7ien. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 13 



Vocals and their Equivalents. 

A (as in fate,) is equivalent' in sound to ai, ay, ei, ey, 
ea, au; as: ace, fade, stage, bait, maim, play, skein, 
neigh, prey, obey, great, steak, gauge, ah. 

A (as in far,) is equivalent to ea, au, ah; as in hearth, 
heart, aunt, daunt, laugh, wrath. 

A (as in fall,) is equivalent to au, aw, oa, ou, awe, 
o; as in maul, saucer, lawful, broad, groat, brought, 
gone, nor, awe. 

A (as in hat,) is equivalent to ai; as : plaid. 

E (as in mete,) is equivalent to ee, ea, ae, ei, ie, eo, 
ey, i; as in deer, feet, bead, mead, deceit, people, neither, 
bier, field, key, machine. 

E (as in met,) is equivalent to ai, ae, ea, ay, e, ei, ie, 
a, u, eo ; as in again, Dcedalus, head, says, said, friend, 
any, many, bury, leopard, heifer. 

J (as in pine,) is equivalent to ai, ei, eye, ie, oi, ui, y, 
ye ; as in aisle, sleight, eye, die, choir, guide, rye, lye. 

I (as in pin,) is equivalent to ai, ee, ui, u, e, ia, ie, ei, 
oi, o; as: captain, breeches, guilt, busy, yes, carriage, 
surfeit, sieve, tortoise, women, pretty, been. 

(as in note,) is equivalent to oa, oe, eo, oo, au, ou, eau, 
ew, ow; as in haidboy, beau, yeoman, sew, groan, foeman, 
floor, shoulder, show. 

(as in not,) is equivalent to a, eo, ou, ow ; as in what, 
George, cough, knoioledge. 

(as in move,) is equivalent to oo, oe, ou, wo, ui, ue ; 
as in fool, shoe, tour, two, croup, bruise, imbrue. 



14 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

U (as in tube,) is equivalent to eau, ew, ue, ui, ewe, eu, 
ieu, iew, ou ; as : beauty, peivter, rueful, nuisance, neu- 
ter, ewe, adieu, review, true, you. 

£7" (as in bull,) is equivalent to oo, o, ou; as in wool, 
wolf, would. 

U (as in tub,) is equivalent to e, ea, i, o, oo, ou ; as in 
her, earth, sir, won, blood, cousin, borough. 



Diphthongs. 

The Proper Diphthongs are : ea, eu, ew, ia, ie, io, oi, 
ou, ow, and oy ; as in ocean, feud, jeivel, poniard, spaniel, 
motion, choice, bound, now, boy. 

The Improper Diphthongs are : ae, ai, au, aw, ea, ee, 
ei, eo, ey, ie, oa, oo, and ow ; as in Coesar, sail, maul, law, 
beat, feel, either, people, prey, friend, coat, soon, blow. 

Ae has the sound of e in mete, as in Coesar ; and some- 
times of e in met, as in Dcedalas. 

Ai has the sound of a in fate, as in pain ; of e in met, 
as in said ; and of a in fat, as in plaid, raillery. 

Au has the sound of a in hall, as in caul; and of a in 
far, according to most orthoepists, as in aunt, daunt; 
and of a in page, as in gauge. 

Aw has the sound of a in fall, as in lawful. 

Ay has the sound of a in fate, except in quay, pro- 
nounced he. It also has the sound of e in met, as in says. 

Ea has the sound of e in mete, as in beat ; of e in met, 
as in head ; of a in fate, as in bear, pear ; of a in far, as 
in hearth, heart. 

Ee has the sound of e in mete, as in feet; of i in pin, 
as been, breeches. 



- 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 15 



Ei has the sound of a in fate, as in veil ; of e in mete, 
as in conceit ; of * in pine, as in sleight ; of e in met, as in 
heifer, nonpareil (pronounced heffer, nonpareil). In 
an unaccented syllable, it has an obscure sound of i in pin, 
as in foreign. 

Eo has the sound of e in mete, as in people ; of e in me£, 
as in leopard ; of o in wofe, as in yeoman ; of o in not, as 
in Georgia; and when unaccented, and at the end of a 
syllable, it has the sound of u in tub, as in bludgeon, 
truncheon (pronounced bludjun, trunshun). 

Eu and ew have almost always the sound of ew in dew. 
In sew, strew, ew has the sound of o in note. 

Ey has the sound of a in fate, as in prey, except in key 
and ley, in which it is sounded as e in mete. 

la has often the sound of ya, in the termination tan, ial, 
iard, as in christian, poniard (pronounced christyan, 
ponyard). In some words it has the sound of i in pin, as 
in carriage. According to some orthoepists, the i is silent 
in such words as marriage, parliament, carriage, &c. 

Ie has the sound of e in mete, as in grieve ; of i in pine, 
as in <&e ; of i in me£, as in friend. 

Oa has the sound of o in note, as in cootf; of aiv, as in 
broad, groat. 

Oe has the sound of o in note, as in /be; of u in £w&, as 
in does ; of oo in cool, as in s/?,oe, canoe. 

Oi and o?/ have the sound of oi in ro^ce, as in choice, 
oil. Tortoise is pronounced tortis. 

Oo has the sound of o in move. In some words oo has 
a shorter sound, as in wolf. It has also the sound of o in 
note, as in door, floor ; and of u in ft<6, as in flood, blood. 



16 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

Ou has seven different sounds. The first and most com 
mon is that in which both letters are sounded, as in found, 
bound, sound. It also has the sound of u in tub, as in 
journey ; of oo in cool, as in group, soup ; of o in note ; as 
in though, courtier ; of aw in bawl, as in ought, bought; of 
u in pull, as in could, would ; of o in not, as in cough, 
trough. Some pronounce these words cawf,. irawf. 

Ow has three sounds, that of ou in house, as in cow, 
drown; that of o in note, as in blow, slow ; that of o in 
?io£, as in the single word knowledge. 

JJa has the sound of iva, as in persuade. The w is 
silent in guard, guaranty, piquant. In victuals, victual- 
lers, both letters are silent. In mantuamaker, the a is 
silent. 

Tie has the sound of ice, as in consuetude. In some 
words the it is silent. In a final syllable, when sounded 
at all, it has the sound of ew in new, except when preceded 
by r, when it is generally sounded as oo, as in true. In 
some words both letters are silent, as in league, tongue. 

Ui has the sound of wi, as in languid, languish. In 
some words the u is silent, as in guide. In some words 
the i is silent, as in bruise, fruit. 



The sound of Subvocals and Aspirates. 

B is silent before t and after m in the same syllable, 
except in succumb and rhomb, as in lamb, irtumb, debt, 
debtor, subtle. 

G has the same sound as k before a, o, u, I, r, t, as in 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 17 

can, come, cup, cling, crust, and act; and, when it ends a 
syllable, as music. It has the sound of s before e, i, and y, 
as collar, civic, cynic. In some words c takes the sound 
of z, as suffice, discern. It is silent in indict, victuals, 
czar, czarina, Connecticut. When c comes after the 
accent, and is followed by ea, ia, io, and eau, it takes the 
sound of sh, as ocean, 'social. G preceded by s, and fol- 
lowed by e, i, or y, is not sounded, as in scene, sceptre 
(pronounced sene, septer). 

D is usually sounded as in did, but it sometimes has the 
sound of t, as in cracked, stuffed (pronounced crackt, 
stuff t). 

F\& sounded as mfan, except in of, simple, when it has 
the sound of v. 

G before a, o, u, I, and r, is always sounded, as in go. 
Before e, i, and y, it is sometimes sounded as in go, and 
sometimes as^' in joy. G is generally sounded as in go in 
words derived from the Saxon ; and as J or dzh in joy, in 
words derived from the Greek, Latin, and French. G has 
sometimes the sound of gg, as in finger, longest (pro- 
nounced fingger, longgest). 

G is silent before m or n in the same syllable, as in 
gnaw, phlegm. 

H is sounded as in home. It is sometimes silent at the 
beginning of a word. It is always silent after r, as in 
rhetoric, rheum (pronounced room). 

K is sounded as in kind. It never is written before a, 
o, or w, and is used only when c would be liable to be 
sounded as s, as in kept, king. It is always silent before 
v, as in knew, knife. 
2* 



18 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

L is sounded as in lot, lumber, lancet. Le at the 
end of words is sounded as el ; as in table. L is silent 
between a and k, and between a and m in the same sylla- 
ble, as in balk, alms; also, in would, could, should, 
almond, calf, half, folk, yolk, halsers, malmsey, salmon. 

If preserves its uniform sound, as in man. 
■ N is sounded as in no. It is silent when preceded by 
I or 77t, as in hymn, kiln. N, in an accented syllable, and 
before the sound of g in go, or k, is sounded as the ng in 
king, B.sthank, concourse (pronounced thangk, congcourse). 

P is sounded as in pin. At the beginning of words, 
before s or t, it is silent, as in jrtisan, psalm, p>tarmig an. 
In cupboard it is sounded as b (pronounced cubbord). It 
is silent in receipt and corps. Between m and t, it is 
sounded very slightly, if at all, as in empty, symptom. 

Q is usually sounded as kw, as in quilt, quail. It is 
always followed by u, which is sounded as to, except in 
some words of French origin, as coquette. 

R is sounded at the beginning of syllables, as in run, 
rage. At the end of a syllable, the sound of the r is very 
often modified. There is a tendency to tranpose the sound 
of the r, as in apron, iron (pronounced as if written apurn, 
turn. 

S has the sound of s in sin ; that of z in zeal ; that of 
sh in shine ; and that of zh in pleasure. Sometimes it is 
silent, as in island. S has the sound of z at the end of 
most words, when preceded by b, v, d, or g, and in many 
other cases. S has the sound of sh before ion, when pre- 
ceded by a consonant, and has the sound of zh when pre- 
ceded by a vowel, as in mansion, pension (pronounced 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 19 

manshun, penshun ; but evasion, cohesion, are pronounced 
evazhun, cohezhun. S also has the sound of zh when pre- 
ceded by an accented vowel, and followed by the termina- 
tions ier, ial, ian, ium, ure, as in pleasure, osier, elysium 
(pronounced plezhur, ozhur, elizhum). In a few words, s 
has the sound of sh before u, as in sure, sugar, sumac 
(pronounced shure, shugar, shumac). 

T is sounded as in take. It is silent when followed by 
the abbreviated I or en ; as : hasten, nestle (pronounced 
ha-zn, nessle. T is silent in often and soften. The com- 
bination ti, without an accent, and followed by a vowel, is 
sounded as sh, as in motion, partial (pronounced moshun, 
parshal). T is silent in gout, eclat, mortgage, hostler, 
Christmas, chestnut, bankruptcy, mistletoe. 

IF is a consonant at the beginning of a word, and has 
nearly the sound of oo" in fool, as in ivet. It is always 
silent before r. W before h is pronounced as if it were 
written after the h, as in what, pronounced hivat. 

X has three sounds, that of ks, as in exercise; that 
of gz, as in exert; and that of z, as in Xenophon. It 
sometimes has the sound of ksh, as in anxious (pronounced 
ankshus). It has the sound of gs when the following syl- 
lable begins with an accented vowel, and in some of the 
derivatives from these. 

Z is sounded as ki zeal. When z is preceded by an 
accented vowel, it has the sound of zh before ure and ie. 

Gh has the sound of tsh, as in church ; the sound of k, 
as in chorus, and the sound of sh, as in machine. It is 
sometimes silent, as in drachm. Gh has the sound of k 
whenever it is followed by a, I, or r. 



20 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

Gli, at the beginning of a word, has the sound of g in 
go, as in ghost. It sometimes has the sound of f, as in 
laugh; and sometime of 1c, as in hough (pronounced hole). 
At the end of words both letters are usually silent. They 
are always silent when followed by t, except in draught. 

Ph has usually the sound of f. In Stephen it has the 
sound of v. 

T has two sounds, that of the th in thin ; and that of 
the th in thine. At the beginning of words it usually has 
the first sound, and at the end, except when followed by 
e silent. 



The following table shows the different combinations 
of letters by which similar sounds are represented : — 

ace = ase ; as: pace, face, base, case, debase. 

ade — aid, ayed, eyed, eighed; as: braid, blade, trade, 

arrayed, surveyed, portrayed, weighed. 
ail —- ale, eil ; as : trail, nail, dale, gale, veil. 
aim = ame ; as : aim, reclaim, frame, became. 
ain = ane, ein, eign, aign ; as : brain, explain, cane, reign, 

vein, arraign. 
aint = eint; as: paint, restraint, feint. 
air = are, ear, ere, eir ; as-: fair, chair, flare, glare, bear, 

swear, there, where, heir, coheir. 
alee = eak ; as : drake, flake, break, steak. 
aid = ailed, aided, auld; as: bald, called, crawled, 

sprawled, mauled. 
all — aid, awl; as : ball, brawl, caul, maul. 
arn= orn; as warn, born, scorn. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 21 

aud — oad, awd, awed; as: fraud, broad, bawd, sawed. 
aste = aist, aced ; as : paste, waist, faced, graced. 
ay — ey, eigh ; as : bray, they, obey, neigh, weigh. 
aze = aize, aise, ays, eys ; as : craze, amaze, raise, praise, 

phrase, portrays, obeys. 
ea = ee ; as : plea, free. 
each — eech ; as : speech, teach, reach. 
ead — ed, aid ; as : bled, shred, spread, said. 
ead = eed, ede ; as : knead, read, breed, speed, seed, 

recede, concede, mead, plead, supersede. 
eah = ake ; as : break, steak, mistake. 
eah = eek, iek, ique ; as : beak, cheek, pique, shriek. 
eal = eel ; as : weal, congeal, reel, wheel. 
eam= eem, erne; as : cream, gleam, dream, scheme, theme, 

extreme, deem, teem, esteem, redeem. 
ean = ene, ten, een, esne, ine ; as : clean, dean, mean, 

unclean, convene, demesne, lien, machine, keen, 

forseen, queen. 
ear = eer, ere, ier ; as : clear, hear, appear, steer, sneer, 

pioneer, sphere, cohere, austere, cashier, financier. 
eat = ete, eet ; as : treat, wheat, defeat, escheat, replete, 

concrete, greet, sweet, discreet. 
eard =. erd, urred, erred, ird, ord, urd; as : heard, pot- 
sherd, deferred, inferred, incurred,* 
ease — eeze, ees, eaze, eize ; as : tease, displease, breeze, 

sneeze, lees, sees, seize. 
ease = eace, iece, eice, eese, ice, ise, isse ; as : lease, 

grease, peace, niece, fleece, geese, apiece, police, 

caprice, valise, pelisse. 

* Nearly the same sound. 






22 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

earch — erch, irch, urch; as: perch, research, church, 
lurch, smirch. * 

earl = irl, url ; as: pearl, girl, twirl, curl, unfurl. 

earth = irth, orth ; as : dearth, birth, girth, worth. 

elm = ealm ; as : helm, realm. 

erm = inn, orm ; as : term, affirm, confirm, worm. 

earn — em, urn; as: fern, stern, earn, learn, yearn, 
discern, concern. 

ert = urt, irt ; as : pert, hurt, spurt, dirt, squirt. 

erse = erce, urse ; as : verse, adverse, asperse, amerce, 
coerce, purse, curse, imburse. 

erge = urge, irge, ourge ; as : verge, emerge, dirge, urge, 
surge, scourge.* 

erk = irk, ork, urk ; as : perk, work, kirk, dirk. 

irst = urst, or si ; as: thirst, first, worst, curst, durst. 

ise = ize, yze, ice, ies ; as : realize, analyze, criticise, re- 
plies. 

eud = ude, ued, ewed, iewed; as: crude, obtrude, feud, 
stewed, viewed, sued. 

ute = uit, ewl ; as : flute, acute, fruit, recruit, newt. 

ur = ir, er, yrrh ; as : blur, concur, demur, stir, infer, 
myrrh. 

uce = use ; as : spruce, deuce, conduce, abuse, obtuse, re- 
cluse. 

ole = oal, ol, oil, owl ; as : stole, whole, condole, cajole, 
patrol, coal, foal, bowl, enroll, soul. 

oke = oak ; as : broke, smoke, choak, cloak, soak. 

ome = oam, omo ; as : dome, home, foam, roam, comb. 

.* Nearly the same sound. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 23 

one = oan, own; as: drone, stone, atone, grown, flown, 

disown, moan, overthrown. 
ore = oar, oor, our; as: more, shore, store, deplore, oar, 

roar, soar, door, floor, four, pour. 
our = oiver ; as: hour, scour, devour, bower, flower, 

power. 
ound = owned ; as : bound, mound, frowned, renowned. 
ought — aught; as: thought, brought, caught, taught. 
oud = owed; as: cloud, proud, bowed, mowed. 
ote = oat; 'as: mote, smote, remote, float, doat, afloat. 
otch = atch; as: notch, botch, watch. 
ost = ossed, aust ; as : cost, frost, accost, embossed, ex- 
haust, holocaust. 
om = ourn ; as : shorn, torn, worn, mourn. 
orld = urled ; as : world, curled, hurled. 
orce = oarse, ourse, ource ; as : force, divorce, coarse, 

hoarse, course, discourse, source, resource. 
owse = oivze, ouse ; as : blowse, browse, rouse, spouse, 

carouse. 
ow = oe, o, owe, ough ; as : glow, flow, no, toe, hoe, owe, 

dough, sloe, sew. 
own = oun ; as : brown, clown, noun. 



Note to Teachers. — Pupils should be examined on the sounds 
of the vowels, and the different terminations and syllables represent- 
ing the same sound, and should be required to give their equivalents. 

Such questions as the following should be asked weekly : To what 

is a in fate equivalent in sound ? Give examples. To what is a 
in far, a in fall, &c, equivalent? Give examples in each. To what 
Is ace equivalent in sound ? ade, ail, aim, am, aint, air, &c. ? Give 
examples in each. 



24 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Easy "Words of two Syllables. 



ba' ker 


pa' per 


vo' cal 


11' ar 


ma ker 


ta per 


fa tal 


fri ar 


po ker 


- dra per 


to tal 


po lar 


bro ker 


le ver 


vi tal 


so lar 


qua ker 


vi per 


por tal 


lu nar 


shaker 


riv er 


den tal 


yuI gar 


dol'lar 


man'ner 


ven'der 


lum'ber 


col lar 


ban ner 


gen der 


cum ber 


nee tar 


tan ner 


ten der 


num ber 


beg gar 


run ner 


slen der 


slum ber 


pil lar 


sum mer 


mur der 


turn bier 


mor tar 


ham mer 


lend er 


buck ler 


let'ter 


fe'ver 


but'ter 


cop'per 


pep per 


after 


mut ter 


hop per 


tern per 


win ter 


bat ter 


ves per 


sin ner 


splin ter 


bet ter 


ban ter 


mas ter 


dri ver 


fet ter 


can ter 


plas ter 


plov er 


bit ter 


gut ter 


pas'tor 


vig'or 


par' don 


pat 'ron 


cas tor 


ar mor 


par son 


sea son 


fac tor 


ter ror 


can ton 


com mon 


doc tor 


er ror 


cot ton 


de mon 


frac tor 


ten or 


mut ton 


fal con 


rig or 


can dor 


mat ron 


gal Ion 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



25 



Familiar Uames of Objects. 



be ing 


son 


soul 


hope 


man 


daugh' ter 


body 


joy 


worn' an 


un cle 


mind 


sorrow 


bus band 


aunt 


heart 


glad ness 


wife 


cons in 


liv'er • 


pride 


child 


rel a tive 


flesh 


shame 


loom 


plow 


wag'on 


an'vil 


nee die' 


plough 


bar row 


bel lows 


spin die 


spade 


chair 


tongs 


yarn 


shov'el 


bug gy 


pin cers 


warp 


rake 


wheel 


trow el 


wool 


hoe 


sledge 


shears 


yes'sel 


bow 


boat 


skiff 


brig 


hull 


oar 


pul'ley 


sloop 


deck 


sail 


tae kle 


sckoon'er 


mast 


rope 


lad cler 


frig ate 


stern 


pier 


an chor 


steam er 


boom 


wharf 


block 


brnte 


sheep 


deer 


hare 


beast 


lamb 


doe 


elk 


ox 


goat 


stag 


bear 


horse 


mule 


hart 


fox 


cow 


steer 


roe 


ot'ter 


heifer 


swine 


buck 


beav er 


3 









26 



t> TI 


IE COMPLETE SPELLER. 


mut' ton 


stove 


fruit 


beets 


veal 


su' gar 


ap' pies 


car' rots 


pork 


cof fee 


pears 


rad ish 


ba'con 


tea 


peach' es 


pars nip 


poul try- 


rice 


plums 


on ion 


eggs 


spice 


grapes 


pump kin 


tree 


birch 


hem' lock 


myr ' tie 


oak 


spruce 


chest nut 


pop lar 


pine 


elm 


lin den 


beech 


ash 


lo' cust 


ce dar 


red oak 


fir 


wal nut 


cy press 


white oak 


ma' pie 


pine 


wil low 


log wood 


o' cean 


pond 


plain 


sum' mer 


sea 


con' ti nent 


state 


win ter 


bay 


is land 


coun' try 


spring 


gulf 


cape 


town 


au' tumn 


river 


moun' tain 


vil' lage 


heat 


lake 


val ley 


re gion 


cold 


va' por 


hail 


heav' en 


dark' ness 


fog 


frost 


earth 


day 


mist 


snow- 


sun 


night 


clouds 


steam 


moon 


morn' ing 


rain 


wind 


stars 


eve ning 


dew 


storm 


light 


noon 


house 


beam 


par' lor 


chim' ney 


frame 


sill 


cham ber 


fur nace 


roof 


cor' nice 


at tic 


range 


floor 


eaves 


eel lar 


stove 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 27 


tim' ber 


shut' ter 


clos' et 


flue 


raf ter 


blind 


kitch en 


hearth 


tools 


file 


chis' el 


mor' tar 


plane 


screw 


hatch et 


ten on 


saw 


nail 


ham mer 


pah el 


square 


brad 


au ger 


win dow 


gauge 


glue 


gim let 


joist 


rasp 


clamp 


com pass 


plank 


bee 


fowl 


hawk 


lark 


wasp 


bird 


owl 


thrush 


gnat 


hen 


kite 


finch 


bee' tie 


goose 


,crow 


swan 


hor net 


chick' en 


rook 


dove 


in sect 


gos lin 


ra' ven 


swal' low 


spir' it 


food 


limbs 


throat 


thought 


meat 


head 


cheek 


rea' son 


bread 


feet 


brain 


juclg nient 


dough 


arms 


chest 


fan cy 


soup 


mouth 


breast 


wis cloni 


but' ter 


tongue 


blood 


vir' tue 


broom 


coal 


shawl 


vice 


chest 


cloak 


skirt 


friend 


churn 


gown 


quilt 


foe 


stool 


frock 


sock 


al' um 


gyp' sum 


glau' ber 


ep' som 


love 


lamp 


glove 


serge 


hate 


screen 


chintz 


crape 


mirth 


spoon 


plush 


baize 


grief 


clock 


plaid 


silk 


buck' ets 


plat' ters 


pitch' ers 


dish' es 



28 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

[It should be the aim of the Teacher to enable his pupils to asso- 
ciate in their minds, as early as possible, the meaning of each word, 
■with the proper mode of spelling it. 

A few exercises for writing and review will be subjoined to the 
different classes of words. Such exercises should be supplied by the 
Teachers as are adapted to the different ages and capacities of their 
scholars. Pupils should also be required to form sentences contain- 
ing one or more of the words in these Lessons. The blanks should 
be filled up with the appropriate words.] 



EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

Of what is paper made ? From what is lumber made ? Where 

does pepper grow ? Bread is made by . The was cold. 

The of winter. Of what is plaster made ? 

Man is a rational . What is the plural of wom-a-n ? What 

is the plural of child? Cloth is woven in a loom. What is the 

difference between warp and woof? Trowels are used by . 

What part of a vessel is the hull ? What is the difference between 
a sloop and a schooner ? 

House, a building to live in. The timbers of a building fitted and 
joined together are called a frame. A room used for cooking is 

called a . The fire is made on the . The wood or stone 

under a door or window is called a . What part of a door is 

called a panel ? What part is called a tenon ? 

Where does coffee grow ? From what place is tea obtained ? Of 
what is sugar made ? What is vapor ? What is fog ? What causes 
rain ? How is steam produced ? 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Vigor, gallon, cousin, hoe, sledge, frigate, pier, wharf, anchor, 
heifer, pincers, poultry, cypress, hearth, gnat, gauge, dough, glue, 
cornice, furnace, hatchet, screw, gimlet, auger, throat, tongue, flue, 
thought, kite, chisel, eaves, attic, chimney, parlor. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLEK 



29 





Karnes of Qualities. 




great 


good 


long 


heav y 


large 


best 


short 


light 


huge 


bad 


mer' ry 


hot 


big 


evil 


sad 


cold 


lit' tie 


worse 


bright 


high 


small 


worst 


dull 


low 


rich 


long 


weak 


brave 


poor - 


short 


strong 




young 


hard 


thick 


brisk 


old 


soft 


thin 


stem 


sweet 


fast 


rough 


grave 


sour 


slow 


smooth 


stiff 


true 


red 


yel' low 


bright 


false 


white 


or ange 


gau' dy 


right 


black 


pur pie 


show y 


wrong 


brown 


crim son 


brill iant 


loud 


green 


scar let 


gor geous 


tight 


blue 


ma roon' 


spien did 


brit' tie 


luck'y 


am' pie 


art' ful 


bit ter 


bulk y 


gen tie 


dire ful 


o pen 


stud y 


no ble 


bale ful 


nim ble 


has ty 


a ble 


grate ful 


fick le 


scan ty 


sa ble 


use ful 


sim pie 


sul try 


i die 


spite ful 


can 7 did 


Ian' guid 


rig' id 


tep' id 


fer vid 


lira pid 


sol id 


tor pid 


flor id 


mor bid 


sor did 


tur gid 


3* 









80 






THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 


frig'id 


pal'lid 


splen'did 


tur'bid 


hor rid 


pu trid 


squal id 


val id 


hu mid 


rap id 


stu pid 


viv id 


bru' tal 


fa' tal 


plu' ral 


ge' ni al 


fru gal 


fes tal 


van dal 


ve ni al 


o val 


flo ral 


re gal 


triv i al 


men tal 


for mal 


spi nal 


jo vi al 


mor tal 


nor mal 


ves tal 


lin e al 


na val 


pa pal 


vo cal 


gen e ral 


na' tive 


ac' tive 


con' ic 


plas' tic 


mas sive 


vo tive 


cu bic 


graph ic 


mis sive 


cap tive 


ep ic 


hec tic 


pas sive 


pen sive 


com ic 


civ ic 


res tive 


spor tive 


fran tic 


dor ic 


fes tive 


ol ive 


trag ic 


rus tic 


inel'low 


cog' nate 


ab' sent 


in ane' 


sal low 


or nate 


ar dent 


pro fane 


shal low 


pri vate 


pen dent 


hu mane 


hoi low 


in nate' 


ur gent 


in sane 


nar row 


ob late 


cur rent 


mun'dane 


fal low 


se date 


fer vent 


ur bane' 



catch 
crave 
carve 
chide 
cling 
creep 



Karnes of Actions, 

bind draw 

bend drain 

burn drive 

bless drown 

break delve 

bleed drink 



flew 

find 

fall 

feed 

fling 

fight 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



31 



grind 


hung 


keep 


lay 


gild 


hear 


knit 


leave 


give 


heave 


know 


lend 


gird 


hew 


knock 


lose 


grieve 


hide 


kick 


lead 


grow 


hold 


kneel 


learn 


make 


name 


read 


see 


mean 


need 


rend 


say 


meet 


pay 


ride 


seek 


mourn 


place 


ring 


sell 


mow 


pray 


rise 


send 


move 


pace 


run 


shake 


shine 


speak 


teach 


weave 


shrink 


spend 


take 


weep 


sing 


spread 


thrive 


wear 


sleep 


spring 


think 


wind 


slide 


stand 


throw 


work 


sling 


strive 


thrust 


write 


heal 


dare 


churn 


leave 


case 


risk 


pluck 


dread 


build 


leave 


smite 


sweep 


frame 


quit 


shift 


wheel 


live 


fill 


stave 


cloak- 


dwell 


crowd 


thrust 


shout 


for sake' 


e lope' 


al low' 


mis trust' 


in stall 


ar raign 


be stow 


mis lead 


for get 


al lay 


dis own 


with hold 


be deck 


be tray 


fore stall 


with draw 


en treat 


be seech 


fore see 


with stand 


en rich 


be moan 


mis give 


out grow 



32 THE COMPLETE SPELLEK. 



EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

A great house. A large horse. A good boy. A huge ox. A sad 

plight. A merry song. The soldier was' . The surface was 

. What things are hard ? What things are rough ? Glass is 

. The sea was . Gorgeous colors. The palace was splen- 
did. Scarlet is brighter than crimson. His fortune was ample. 
An artful boy. A sable mantle. 

A candid view. Fervid eloquence. A limpid stream. Solid 
marble. Morbid, diseased, not sound. Humid, moist : as humid air. 
Turgid, swelled : as a turgid limb, turgid style. Normal : according 
to rule, teaching first principles : as normal, schools. Festive, gay, 
joyous : as festive mirth. Pensive, sad : as a pensive strain. Urbane, 
polite : as urbane manners. 

A graphic description. Plastic material. Hectic fever. A genial 
climate. A venial fault. A trivial affair. A jovial companion. 1 
Lineal descent. A general view. Pensive thoughts. Ornate style. 
An oblate sphere. A sedate countenance. 

The boy craves his pardon. The waiter carves the meat. Some 
animals creep. The officers bind the thief. Tall trees bend. Birds 
fly. A ship heaves. Millers grind wheat into flour. Stone is 
hewed. Instructors teach, and boys learn. Farmers mow their 

grass. The shakes with the wind. The sailor moors the 

boat. The news spreads. Abrave man never shrinks from danger. 
Good boys do not betray a trust. 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Smooth, rough, worse, sour, sweet, stiff, purple, gaudy, blue, but- 
ternut, gorgeous, scarlet, bright, direful, sultry, tepid, pallid, valid, 
horrid, florid, normal, frugal, festal, plastic, graphic, inane, mun- 
dane, urbane, delay, grind, grieve, shout, cloak, crowd, arraign, 
forestall, beseech, entreat. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



33 



Words in which different terminations have the same 
sound. 





ace = ase. 




ace 


face 


brace 


grace 


mace 


place 


pace 


space 


trace 


dis grace' 


em brace' 


gri mace' 


mis place 


ef face 


un lace 


a pace 


re trace 


dis place 


base 


case 


chase 


a base' 


de base' 


vase 


e rase 


in case 


un case' 



ade = aid, eyed, ayed, and eiglied. 



cade 


blade 


glade 


grade 


fade 


trade 


spade 


shade 


wade 


de grade' 


un lade' 


cas cade' 


brig ade 


block ade 


e vade. 


per vade 


stock ade 


dis suade 


in vade 


es plan ade' 


ret ro grade' 


scr e nade' 


mas quer ade 


am bus cade 


can non ade 


pal i sade 


cav al cade 


aid 


braid 


staid 


brayed 


stayed 


un laid' 


a fraid' 


up braid' 


mer'maid 


flayed 


strayed 


prayed 


played 


o beyed' 


weighed 


in veighed' 


sur veyed 
c 


por trayed' 



34 



THE 


COMPLETE SPELLER. 




2. 


ail =• ale, 


eil. 




fail 




frail 




flan- 


nail 




trail 




snail 


rail 




be wail' 




quail 


as sail' 




pre vail 




re tail' 


avail 




en tail 




counter vail' 


de tail 




cur tail 




night' in gale 


dale 




gale 




shale 


scale 




whale 




swale 


ex hale' 




in hale' 




re gale' 


im pale 




whole' sale 




veil 



aim 



ame. 



aim 


claim 


maim 


ac claim' 


de claim' 


ex claim 


pro claim 


dis claim 


re claim 


blame 


came 


dame 


game 


flame 


frame 


lame 


name 


shame 


tame 


same 


fame 


be came' 


in flame' 


de fame' 


mis name 


o vet came 


nick' name 



brain 
grain 
drain 
swain 



ain = ane, ein, eign P and aign. 

blain chain 

gain main 

sprain 



twain 



strain 
stain 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



35 



ab stain' 


at tain' 


com plain' 


con tain 


con strain 


dis dain 


dis train 


en chain 


ex plain 


main 'tain 


or dain 


re frain 


re gain' 


re strain 


sus tain 


en ter tain' 


ap per tain 


pear main 


came 


bane 


da,ne 


crane 


lane 


jane 


pro fane' 


hu mane 


in sane' 


seine 


vein 


wane 


deign 


feign 


skein 


ar raign' 


cam paign 
aint — eint. 


reign 


saint 


quaint 


at taint' 


ac quaint' 


taint 


feint 


air - 


= are, eir, ear, and ere. 


fair 


chair 


lair 


af fair' 


re pair' 


stair 


de spair 


deb o nair' 


im pair' 


care 


dare 


flare 


glare 


snare 


share 


square 


spare 


wel'fare 


be ware' 


pre pare' 


in snare' 


de clare 


com pare 


a w are 


pear 


bear 


swear 


tear 


for swear' 


for bear' 


heir 


their 


where 



36 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



aid = mild, ailed, awled. 

bald scald stall' ed 

call'ed maul'ed crawled^ 

squalled sprawled drawled 

ait = ate, eat, and eight. 



bait 


gait 


strait 


plait 


trait 


a wait' 


prate 


state 


slate 


mate 


pate 


rate 


a bate ' 


de bate' 


col late' 


di late 


se date 


trans late 


ab' di cate 


ac' cu rate 


ad' e quate 


ag gra vate 


ar ro gate 


eel e brate 


great 


weight 


eight 



all — awl and aid. 



call 


ball 


gall 


small 


tall 


wall 


in stall' 


fore stall ' 


in thrall 


bawl 


drawl 


crawl 


sprawl 


brawl 


yawl 


caul 


haul 
am = orn. 


maul 


warn 


fore warn' 


morn 


born 


thorn 


scorn 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

aud = oad, aivd, awed. 



37 



fraud 

broad 

sawed 



chaste 
paste 
placed 
graced 



aste 



de fraud' 


ap plaud' 


a broad 


flawed 


gnaw ed 


drawed 


: aist and aced. 




haste 


baste 


dis taste' 


waist 


faced 


traced 


braced 


spaced 



ay — ey and eigli. 



bray 


clay 


flay 


fray 


pray 


spray 


af fray 7 


al lay' 


as tray' 


be lay 


de fray 


dis may 


be tray 


dis play 


re pay 


prey 


they 


ar ray 


o bey' 


pur vey' 


grey 


con vey 


dis o bey' 


sur ve/ 


neigh 


weigh 


in veigh 



aze = aise, aize, eiglis, ays and eys. 

craze blaze gaze 

glaze maze graze 

a maze' em blaze' phrase 

praise raise chaise 
4 



38 



THE 


COMPLETE SPELLER. 


dis praise' 


ap praise' 


al lays' 


be trays - 


dis plays 


de lays 


con veys 


sur veys 


pur veys 


neighs 


weighs 
eah == alee. 


in veighs 


break 


steak 


make 


brake 


drake 


flake 


shake 


spake 


snake 


a wake' 


be take' 


for sake' 


par take 


mis take 


under take. 


ause = aws, and 


auze. 


cause 


pause 


clause 


be cause' 


ap plause' 


with draws 


laws 


draws 


straws 


flaws 


thaws 


squaws 


gnaws 


paws 
ault = alt. 


gauze 


halt 


salt 


malt 


ex alt' 


ba salt' 


de fault' 


fault 


vault 
ea = ee. 


as sault 


flea 


plea 


tea 


tree 


free 


glee 


three 


thee 


see 


a gree' 


de cree' 


de gree 


ju' bi lee 


dis a gree 


ped' i gree 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 39 




each 3= eech. 




breach 




bleach 


peach 


preach 




teach 


im peach' 


speech 




screech 


be seech 




ead 


= ed and aid. 




bread 




thread 


spread 


dead 




dread 


tread 


be head' 




over spread' 


said 


bred 




im bred 


mis led' 




ead 


== eed and ede. 




read 




plead 


knead 


bead 




mead 


lead 


creed 




deed 


steed 


a greed' 




in deed' 


mis deed' 


pro ceed 




snc ceed 


ex ceed 


ac cede 




se cede 


re cede 


im pede 




pre cede 


con cede 


an te cede 




inter cede 


super sede 




eak — 


= eeh, ielc, ique* 




beak 




bleak 


creak 


freak 




squeak 


sneak 


wreak 




streak 


be speak' 


cheek 




creek 


meek 


peak 




seek 


sleek 


shriek 




pique 


u nique' 


an tique' 




crit' ique 


prat r ique 



* Nearly the same sound. 



40 



THE 


COMPLETE S 

eal = eel* 


PELLER. 


deal 


meal 


steal 


weal 


zeal 


veal 


squeal 


teal 


re peal' 


con ceal' 


con geal' 


ap peal 


feel 


real 


kneel 


reel 


wheel 


gen teeV 



earn = eem and erne* 



bream 


cream 


gleam 


scream 


dream 


stream 


beam 


steam 


re deem' 


deem 


es teem' 


be seem 


scheme 


theme 


su preme 


ex treme' 


bias pheme' 


fleam 


ean = 


een, ene, ien, ine, 


and esne.* 


bean 


dean 


clean 


lean 


wean 


yean 


de mean' 


un clean' 


sub dean' 


screen 


green 


spleen 


be tween' 


ca reen' 


fore seen' 


un seen 


scene 


ob scene 


con vene' 


se rene' 


ter rene 


ma chine 


ra vine 


de mesne 


lien 


mien 


ma rine 


rou tine' 


ton tine' 


man da rin 



* Nearly the same sound. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



41 





eap = eep. 




cheap 


heap 


reap 


sweep 

i 


sleep 


a sleep' 


ear 


=== eer, ere, and 


ier. 


clear 


fear 


near 


sear 


smear 


spear 


rear 


year 


tear 


ap pear' 


be smear' 


en dear' 


ar rear 


dis ap pear 


gear 


leer 


jeer 


queer 


sneer 


cheer 


ve neer' 


com peer' 


ca reer' 


gaz et teer 


dom i neer 


en gi neer 


pri va teer 


pi o neer 


mil ti neer 


co here 


sphere 


ad here 


sin cere 


se vere' 


au stere 


hem'i sphere 


in ter fere 


per se vere 


gren a dier' 


cash ier 


fron tier 


chan de lier 


buc can ier 


brig a dier 


gon do lier 


cav a Her 


fin an cier 


chan de lier 



eat z= eet, ete, eit, and eipt. 



bleat 


heat 


peat 


seat 


treat 


wheat 


cheat 


en treat' 


re treat' 


de feat' 


re peat 


es cheat 


re plete 


con crete 


com plete 



42 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



se crete' 


ef fete' 


ob'so lete 


fleet 


greet 


sheet 


street 


dis creet' 


in dis creet' 


con ceit' 


de ceit 


re ceipt 



ease = eeze, ieze, and eize. 



please 


tease 


dis please' 


ease 


ap pease' 


dis ease 


breeze 


freeze 


squeeze 


cheese 


bees 


these 


seize 


frieze 


se' ries 



ease = eace, iece, eese, ice, ise, and isse. 

cease lease grease 

de cease' de crease' in crease' 

re lease de cease peace 

niece • piece a piece' 

fleece geese po lice 

pe lisse va lise' ca price 



earth = irth and orth. 



earth 


dearth worth 


birth , 


girth mirth 




earl = irl and url. 


earl 


pearl hurl 


curl 


furl churl 


girl 


twirl whirl 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

earcli = erch, irc7i, and urch. 



search 
church 



re search' 
lurch 



perch 
birch 



43 



erm === irm and orm. 
germ firm worm 

earn = em, urn, and oum. 



learn 


earn 




yearn 


fern 


stern 




con cern' 


burn 


turn 




re turn 


so'journ 


ad jo urn' 




dis cern 




elm = ea 


lm. 




helm 


whelm 




realm 



ert == irt, itrt, and ort. 



pert 


wert 


cli vert' 


ex pert' 


con vert' 


sub vert 


per vert 


in sert 


in vert 


girt 


shirt 


dirt 


flirt 


be girt' 


wort 


hurt 


spurt 


un hurt' 



verse 
dis perse' 
im merse 



erse = erce, earse, urse, and wrse. 

averse' adverse' 

perverse asperse 



re verse 



u m verse 



44 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



amerce' 


co eree' 


com' mer 


hearse 


re hearse 


worse 


purse 


nurse 


curse 


ac curse' 


disburse' 


im burse 



erge — urge, irge, and ourge. 



merge 
e merge' 


verge im merge 
ab sterge dirge 


purge 


surge scourge 




erk = irh, urh, and ork. 


jerk 

irk 

lurk 


clerk yerk 
kirk dirk 
turk work 




irst = urst and orst. 


curst 
thirst 


burst durst 
first worst 



ire = ijre, ier, iar, iglier, and ayer* 



dire 


quire 


squire 


at tire' 


ac quire' 


as pire' 


con spire 


en tire 


ex pire 


in spire 


re quire 


trans pire 


lyre 


pyre 


shire 


friar 


liar 


brier 


high' er 


nigh' er 


buy' er 



* Nearly the same sound. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 45 

EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

A quick pace. A fair face. Tho name was erased. The boy re- 
traced his steps. Vice debases the mind. A blade of grass. The 
shade of a tree. The boys staid at home. The ox was flayed. The 
flour was weighed. The debt was paid. 

A frail vessel. A bright flame. A strong claim. A good name. 
Wine inflames. A large brain. A gold chain. A strong cane. The 
fish were caught in a seine. A narrow lane. A skein of thread. 
The man was insane. The temple was profaned. A summer cam- 
paign. 

A bright morn. He was forewarned of the danger. His schemes 
were thwarted. A short answer. Make haste to learn. A small 
waist. The fish was caught without a bait. A sedate countenance. 
The mate of a ship. A great weight was on the plate. The wood 
was sawed. A broad space was gnawed. 

The jury did not agree. The decree of the court. The line of 
ancestors is called a pedigree. They beseech him to forbear. The 
blind boy said that he had no dread of being misled. The officer was 
superseded. The artist succeeds. The ministers agreed to secede. 
A small creek. A loud shriek. An antique vase. Men pique them- 
selves on their skill. Addison wrote a critique. 

Compeer, a companion. Persevere in the career of virtue. The 
buccaniers disappeared from the frontier. The conceit has become 
obsolete. A strong breeze. The goods were seized. A fleece of 
wool. The police found the valise. 

EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Grimace, embrace, encase, brigade, upbraid, inveighed, portrayed, 
assail, exhale, exclaim, inflame, attain, humane, regain, campaign, 
impair, beware, where, forswear, spaced, defraud, abroad, applaud, 
celebrate, abdicate, await. 

Behead, imbed, recede, proceed, accede, bespeak, sleek, unique, 
pratique, blaspheme, beseem, esteem, machine, tontine, demesne, 
financier, austere, veneer, appear, cavalier, frieze, please, pelisse, 
caprice, berth, worth, dearth, search, birch, churcb, return, sojourn, 
concern. 



46 THE 


COMPLETE SPELLER. 


ice 


== ise, is, uce, and 


oise. 


aii' spice 


bod' ice 


com' plice 


cor nice 


cop pice 


chal ice 


crev ice 


jus tice 


jaun dice 


mal ice 


no tice 


office 


prac tice 


poul tice 


lat tice 


sol stice 


sur plice 


ser vice 


ed i fice 


ar ti fice 


av a rice 


ben e fice 


den ti frice 


prej u dice 


lie o rice 


in ter stice 


ap pren' tice 


anise 


prom ise 


mor' tise 


trea tise 


fran chise 


der vis 


axis 


ba sis 


pha sis 


glot tis 


gra tis 


cri sis 


finis 


orris 


trel lis 


dais 


i sis 


mar quis 


gen e sis 


sy nop' sis 


el lip' sis 


pro bos' cis 


a nal y sis 


hy poth e sis 


an tith e sis 


me trop o lis 


chrys' a lis 


o' a sis 


pa ral y sis 


diagno' sis 


lettuce (is) 


tor' toise (is) 


pa ren' the sis 


port cur lis 


ep i der' mis 
ei = ie. 


a man u en' sis 


seize 


seine 


leis' ure 


ei' ther 


nei' ther 


seiz ing 


seign or 


de ceit' 


re ceipt' 


con ceive' 


con ceit 


re ceive 


per ceive 


ceil' ing 


re ceiv'er 


weird 


sei zure 


pie' ia des 


o bei'sance 


in vei' gle 


pre con ceive' 


grief 


chief 


thief 



THE 


COMPLETE SPELLER. 


fierce 


pierce 




shield 


thrive 


tierce 




piece 


wield 


yield 




niece 


siege 


liege 




grieve 


priest 


fiend 




be lief 


re lief ' 


re lieve' 




se' ries 


be lieve 


a chieve 




be siege' 


re prieve 


re trieve 




cap a pie' 


sor' tie 


prai' rie 




re liev' o 


Obs.— The letter 


c is always followed by 


ei in 


the same sylla! 


rather than ie. 








it 


== ite, eit, uit, and ute. 


cred' it 


cul' prit 




au' dit 


or bit 


her mit 




spir it 


hab it 


rab bit 




unit 


deb it 


tacit 




trans it 


sum mit 


vomit 




limit 


comfit 


ban dit 




bow sprit 


pul pit 


plau dit 




ben e fit 


de mer' it 


pro hib' it 




ex hib' it 


in her it 


so lie it 




de pos ite 


gran' ite 


res' pite 




ap' po site 


com pos' ite 


op po site 




per qui site 


req' ui site 


ex qui site 




hyp' o crite 


in fi nite 


def i nite 




coun ter feit 


for feit 


sur feit 




bis cuit 


cir cuit 


con duit 




min ute (it) 




il = He, ail, and 


yl. 




civ' il 


pu' pil 




e'vil 


sig il 


ton sil 




pen cil 



47 



vi°r il 



per il 



sten cil 



48 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



an'vil 


cav'il 


ton 'sil 


nos tril 


ten dril 


fos sil 


turn bril 


cod i cil 


u ten' sil 


doni i cil 


tran quil 


frag' ile 


doc ile 


due tile 


ag ile 


fac ile 


trac tile 


hos tile 


ser vile 


ster ile 


rep tile 


mis sile 


feb rile 


fu tile 


im be cile 


ju ve nile 


ten sile 


vol a tile 


pro jec' tile 


mer can tile 


ber yl 


dac' tyl 


bis sex' tile 


idyl 


trav ail 


sib yl 


in = 


ain, ine, ein, and 


eign. 


bob' bin 


rob' in 


gob' lin 


bod kin 


cof fin 


bus kin 


muf fin 


mus lin 


mar gin 


ros in 


res in 


pump kin 


tan nin 


toe sin 


ver min 


wel kin 


spav in 


ur chin 


fir kin 


cum in 


cous in 


cap tain 


chap lain 


chief tain 


cnr tain 


cer tain 


bar gain 


moun tain 


foun tain 


plan tain 


vil lain 


mur rain 


for eign 


des tine 


fam ine 


en gine 


doc trine 


er mine 


fam ine 


rap ine 


pris tine 


jas mine 


mar line 


vac cine 


san guine 


med i cine 


mas cu line 


lib er tine 


gen u ine 


her o ine 


jes sa mine 


i o dine 


nee ta rine 


dis ci pline 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



49 



fem'i nine 


eg 'Ian tine 


gel'a tine 


clan des' tine 


de ter' mine 


il lu' mine 


pre des tine 


in tes tine 


am a ran'thine 


ize = 


ise, yze, ice, and 


ies. 


au' thor ize 


ag' gran dize 


col' o nize 


can on ize 


civ il ize 


crys tal lize 


dog ma tize 


dram a tize 


equal ize 


gal van ize 


bar mo nize 


mor al ize 


scru ti nize 


stig ma tize 


sym bol ize 


rec og nize 


pul ver ize 


sol em nize 


tern po rize 


mag net ize 


neu tral ize 


ag o nize 


gor man dize 


the o rize 


sub si dize 


crit i cise 


chas Use' 


ad ver tise 


ex er cise 


en'ter prise 


com pro mise 


cir cum cise 


ex or cise 


mer chan disc 


par a lyze 


sac ri fice 


an a lyze 


sane ti fies 


ver i fies 


sat is fies 


un der lies' 


mag ni fies 


re plies' 


proph' e sies' 
oak == oke. 


tyr ran nize 


choak 


soak 


oak 


broke 


smoke 


spoke 


in voke' 


pro voke' 


re voke' 


oal = 


: ole, 61, oil, and owl. 


coal 


foal 


shoal 


stole 


mole 


dole 


ca jole' 


con dole' 


pa role' 


pa trol 


con trol 


un roll 


roll 


droll 


bowl 


5 


D 





50 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 





oam == ome. 






foam 


loam 




roam 


dome 


home 




tome 




oan = one and own, 




moan 


grown 




loan 


bone 


drone 




prone 


en throne' 


de throne' 




post pone' 


own 


sown - 




shown 


known 


thrown 




flown 


oar : 


— ore, our, oor, and 


ower. 


oar 


boar 




roar 


gore 


shore 




snore 


swore 


store 




score 


a shore' 


de plore' 




im plore' 


re store 


ex plore 




sye'amore 


pour 


four 




door 


mower 


sow e? 
old == oyed. 




low er 


void 


a Toid' 




de void' 


buoy 7 ed 


cloy' ed 




an noy ed 


de stroyed' 


em ploy' ed 




de coy ed 


Old : 


= oiled, ocded, and owled. 


bold 


scold 




told 


be hold' 


un fold' 




fore toltf 


roll ed 


ca joled 




foal ed 


boiled 


stroll ed 




toll ed 


< 


yrce == oarse and 


ourCe. 


force 


di vorce' 




per force' 


coarse 


hoarse 




source 


dis course 7 


re source' 




re course 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 51 



EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

The boys "were pert. An expert artist. He perverts the mean- 
ing. The man escaped unhurt. Bad boys are averse to study. 
Commerce, trade between different countries. The piece was re- 
hearsed. Disburse, to spend money. His disease grows worse. 
The criminal was scourged. He is on the verge of ruin. He 
emerged from the surge. Severe thirst. Prepare for the worst. 
Pyre, a funeral pile. 

No notice was taken of the treatise. The service was rendered 
gratis. The edifioe had a firm basis. Franchise, a right to vote. 
The summit of the mountain. The culprit had a respite. Con- 
duit, a pipe to conduct water. Surfeit, to eat to excess. The pupil 
was docile. A hostile army. A futile attempt. A sterile field. A 
mercantile community. He made a codicil to his will. 

Muffin, a kind of cake. The margin of a river. The villain was 
sanguine. A firkin of butter. The thief stole a bowl. The foam 
of the sea. The buds will flower. The oar was found on the 
shore. The bold boy was cajoled. The clergyman was too hoarse 
to finish his discourse. The source of a river. The flax was boiled. 
The sentence was analyzed. 

The hypocrite counterfeited his piety. His remarks were appo- 
site to the case. Circuit courts. Conduit pipes. Pure air is requi- 
site to health. A man forfeits his estate by committing treason. 
The captain made the welkin ring. The tortoise was seen feeding 
on lettuce. Granite was found on the summit. He has not yet 
recovered from his surfeit. The tocsin sounded the alarm. 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Begirt, invert, unhurt, asperse, coerce, accurse, dirge, purge, 
lurk, work, require, shire, higher, buyer, surplice, mortise, chry- 
salis, paralysis, lettuce, tortoise, inherit, circuit, minute, hypocrite, 
dactyl, beryl, travail, avoid, decoyed, foaled, strolled, sycamore, 
whelm, realm, sacrifice, rarities, inveigle, besiege, sortie, plebeian, 
tyrannize, crystallize, moralize, symbolize, paralyze, cajoled, strolled, 
rehearse, worse, imburse. 



52 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 





oat = ote. 




boat 


coat 


bloat 


do at 


gloat 


float 


throat 


a float' 


o / ver coat 


quote 


vote 


smote 


de note' 


pro in ote 7 


re mote 7 


de vote 


an 7 ec dote 
oose == ooze, ose. 


an 7 ti dote 


choose 


loose 


noose 


ooze 


whose 


lose. 



ue 

clue 
cue 
a'gue 
ac crue' 
val' ue 
im bue' 
res' cue 
av e nue 
rev e nue 
neu ter 
lieu 
view 
beau'ty 
jui cy 
screw 



and iew. 



rue 
glue 
is 7 sue 
en sue 7 
vir 7 tue 
pur sue 7 
un due 
ret 7 in ue 
con tin 7 ue 
pleu 7 ri sy 
pur lieu 
re view 7 
beau 7 ti ful 
nui sance 
threw 



true 
sue 

im brue' 
en due 
tis 7 sue 
sub due 7 
ar 7 gue 
res i due 
rue ful 
eu lo gy 
a dieu' 
sur view 
pew 7 ter 
bar be cue 
be dew 7 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



53 



uce = euce, use, and idee. 



truce 


spruce 


deuce 


con duce' 


de duce' 


in duce 7 


pro duce 


se duce 


tra duce 


ad duce 


iu tro duce' 


re duce 


use 


a buse 


pro fuse 


ab struse' 


dis use 


ex cuse 


mis use 


ob tuse 


re cluse 


cruise 


sluice 


juice 



our 



ower. 



flour 


sour 


scour 


de flour' 


de vonr' 


flow 7 er 


pow' er 


dow' er 


cow er 


bow er 


show er 


tow er 



urd = ird, eard, ord, urred, and irred. 



curd 


surd 


ab surd' 


bird 


gird 


word 


heard 


spur' red 


stir 7 red 


in fer' red 


con cur 7 red 
urb = erb. 


de mur / red 


curb 


dis turb' 


verb 



eud = ude, iced, eiced, and iewed. 



crude 


prude 


rude 


. al lude' 


in trade' 


ob trude' 


5* 







54 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



ex elude 7 




con elude 7 


se elude' 


feud 




lewd 


strew 7 ed 


stew' ed 




view 7 ed 


su ed 




ufe 


= uit, and ewt 




flute 




mute 


lute 


a cute' 




com pute' 


con fute' 


dis pute 




pol lute 


sa lute 


fruit 




suit 


re cruit 


pur suit 7 




non 7 suit 


newt 



ur 



= if, er, and yrrh. 



blur 


cur 


spur 


con cur' 


de mur 7 


in cur 7 


oc cur 


mur'urar 


sul' phur 


stir 


sir 


fir 


whir 


be stir 7 


myrrh 


de fer' 


de ter 


in fer 7 


pre fer 


trans fer 
om = ome. 


con fer 


cus' torn 


wis' dom 


be' som 


bos om 


king dom 


free dom- 


at om 


symp torn 


phan torn 


ran dom 


fath om 


sel dom 


ven om 


bux om 


ax i om 


id 7 i om 


bot torn 


trail som 


come 


be come 7 


over come 7 


dark 7 some 


glad 7 some 


lone 7 some 


loath some 


tire some 


wel come 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



55 



fur some 
wea ri some 
swum 
al 7 bum 
fo rum 
fill crum 
me di um 
o pi um 
spec u lum 
mu se 7 um 
mo men turn 
ex or di um 



hand 7 some 
frol ick some 
scum 
al 7 uin 
da turn 
quo rum 
pre mi um 
te di um 
a sy'lum 
de co rum 
po ma turn 
col i se' um 



Id lithe 7 some 
cum ber some 
drum 
ros 7 trum 
lus trum 
spec trum 
oak um 
o di um 
vac u um 
ly ce' um 
ar ca num 
la bur num 



us 



OllS, 



bo' nus 
cen sus 
re bus 
isth mus 
ra di us 
om ni bus 
pa py 7 rus 
co los sus 
bul'bous 
dex trous 
griev ous 
im pi ous 
en vi ous 
li'bel ous 
glo ri ous 
val o rous- 



err cus 
fo cus 
ge nus 
im pe tus 
pol y pus 
nau til us 
nar cis 7 sus 
in 7 cu bus 
cum brous 
fa mous 
mon strous 
co pi ous 
friv o lous 
pre vi ous 
vil lain ous 
glut ton ous 



cro cus 
gram pus 
mu cus 
ge ni us 
stim u lus 
nu cle us 
sal e ra / tus 
ap pa ra tus 
cal 7 lous 
fi brous 
ner vous 
de vi ous 
in fa mous 
cred u lous 
ven om ous 
scan da lous 



56 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



ab ste' mious 


am big / u ous 


il lus' tri ous 


lu gu bri i 


3US 


op pro bri ous 


pre ca ri ous 




erm = mm y orm. 




firm 




af firm' 


con firm' 


in firm 




term 


worm 




ucli ■= utcJi, ouch. 




such 




much 


crutch 


touch 




re touch' 


clutch 




use 


= uise, ues, ews 




use 




a buse' 


a muse 7 


dif fuse' 




in fuse 


re fuse 


dues 




in dues 


im brues 


screws 




dews 


bruise 


rds in which 


ow and o have 


the sound o 




o, 


long, as in go. 




ar' row 




har' row 


h\Y low 


bel low 




mel low 


pil low 


wil low 




shad ow 


shal low 


hoi low 




bar row 


wid ow 


tal low 




sal low 


yel low 


mel low 




fal low 


el bow 


bra / vo 




car' go 


can' to 


gua no 




grot to 


jun to 


las so 




man go 


mot to 


quar to 




stuc CO 


lim bo 


cal i co 




cam e o 


em bry o 


moroc / co 




mu laf to 


po ta'to 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 57 



EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

Absurd doctrine. His passions were stirred when he heard the 
bitter word. Paper was strewed by a rude boy. He alludes to the 
feud. The boy ran in pursuit of a newt. 

Demur, doubt. Sulphur, a mineral substance. Myrrh, a kind 
of gum. He prefers not to concur. He transfers his stock. The 
ship was afloat. The robber smote him in the throat. He devotes 
himself to his business. The city is remote. A profit accrues. 
Continue to review your studies. A rueful face. Neuter gender. 
He bade him adieu. A beautiful avenue. A liar is a nuisance. A 
pewter dish. Sluice, a water gate. 

An atom of alum. The besom of destruction. Nature abhors a 
vacuum. A loathsome disease. A quorum was not present. The 
venom of a serpent. He saw a monstrous grampus. Impetus, the 
force by which any body is impelled. A devious path. Colossus, a 
statue of a gigantic size. An illustrious name. The answer was 
ambiguous. An envious disposition. 

Abstemious diet. Ambiguous terms. A precarious subsistence. 
A. venomous serpent. One of the timbers of a ship is called a tran- 
som. Polypus, an animal that has many feet. A loathsome disease. 
New recruits. A warm dispute. Nautilus, a kind of shell fish. 
Narcissus, a beautiful flowering plant. 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Inferred, demurred, curb, verb, viewed, sued, recruit, confute, 
concur, infer, bestir, myrrh, doat, quote, choose, loose, lose, sur- 
view, purlieu, colosseum — also, coliseum, lyceum, symptom, fulcrum, 
precarious, narcissus, scandalous, dews, bruise, indues, papyrus, 
libellous, villainous, widow, shadow, embryo, loose, lose, pleurisy, 
juicy. 



58 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



Words in which the terminations are pronounced so 

nearly alike ? that they are often confounded 
. spelling : 



m 



Words ending 

chance 
prance 
en' trance 
mis chance' 
ig' no ranee 
or di nance 
con vey' ance 
com' plai sauce 
chants 
en chants 
sup plants 
com' ba tants 
prot es tants 
de scend' ants 

fence 
po' tence 
dil' i gence 
em i neuce 
in tel' li gence 
res i dence 
ex eel lence 
mag nif'i cence 
dense 
con dense' 
dis pense 



in ance, ence, ense, and enls 

glance 
dance 
ro' mance 



fra grance 
dis so nance 
snf fer ance 
pur su' ance 
ap pear ance 
grants 
im plants 
trans plants 
con' so nants 
dis pu tants 
de fend' ants 

hence 

com mence' 
dif fi dence 
el o quence 
pref er ence 
pen i tence 
neg li gence 
om nip' o tence 
tense 
pre pense 
im mense 



trance 
lance 
ad vance' 
en hance' 
ex pause 
ut' ter ance 
vig il ance 
con cor' dance 
re pen tance 
plants 
re cants' 
gal lants 
cor' mo rants 
in hab' i tants 

whence 
dif fer ence 
in di gence 
in no cence 
ref er ence 
ve he mence 
mu nif ' i cence 
be nef i cence 
sense 

sus pense' 
sub tense 



THE CO 


MPLETE SPELLER. 59 


li' cense 


non' sense 


in' cense 


rec OKi pense 


pro pense' 


frank 7 in cense 


re ients' 


re pents 


fer ments' 


dig sents 


aug ments 


pre vents 


ce merits 


la ments 


pre sents 


pres' i dents 


tes' ta ments 


sed' i ments 


sac ra ments 


em bel' lish ments 


Kg a ments 


set tie ments 


ex per i ments 


tour na ments 


gov ern ments 


tern' per a ments 


reg i ments 


dis par' age ments 


es tab' lish ments 


in stru ments 


Words ending in ar, er, or, 


yr, ir* 


eel' lar 


ce' dar 


col' lar 


dol lar 


beg gar 


gram mar 


li ar 


fri ar 


nee tar 


pil lar 


pop lar 


so lar 


vie ar 


tar tar 


stel lar 


al tar 


lu nar 


tern plar 


mor tar 


med lar 


ped lar 


vul gar 


po lar 


bur sar 


pop n lar 


joe u lar 


reg u lar 


sin gu lar 


vin e gar 


mus cu lar 


ad 7 der 


an' ger 


an' ger 


ban ner 


bat ter 


blad der 


ban ter 


bet ter 


Wis ter 


chap ter 


can cer 


can ker 


clo ver 


cop per 


chat ter 


dra per 


pa per 


cham ber 



* Nearly the same sound. 



60 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



ci' der 


hop' per 


dro'ver 


blub ber 


gan der 


gro cer 


dif fer 


din ner 


rob ber 


sliud der 


drum mer 


prof fer 


prim er 


leg er 


gut ter 


but ter 


ledg er 


glim mer 


hin der 


mem ber 


coffer 


sel ler 


fil ter 


eager 


mar tyr 


zeph yr 


satyr 


fakir 


e lix' ir 


na dir 


au thor 


ac' tor 


ar bor 


ar dor 


al gor 


cas tor 


cap tor 


ere mor 


clam or 


doc tor 


do nor 


fac tor 


er ror 


fla vor 


har bor 


hor ror 


la bor 


ma jor 


mi nor 


pas tor 


proc tor 


rec tor 


rig or 


ru mor 


trai tor 


man or 


mir ror 


Ian guor 


liq uor 


sculp tor 


au di tor 


cred i tor 


ed i tor 


em peror 


sen a tor 


mon i tor 


vis i tor 


gov ern or 


chan eel lor 


spec ta' tor 


trans la tor 


sur vey' or 


con fes sor 


op pres sor 


pos sess or 



Words ending in able and ible. 

ar' a ble cu' ra ble du' ra ble 

lau da ble prob a ble ca pa ble 

sal va ble pal pa ble pla ca ble 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 61 

ten'a ble port'a ble li'a ble 

af fa ble syl la ble laugh a ble 

blam a ble suit a ble tax a ble 

teach a ble sal a ble rat a ble 

peace a ble mu ta ble no tice a ble 

change a ble ser vice a ble a gree'a ble 

fal' li ble tan' gi ble ed' i ble 

pos si ble vis i ble fu si ble 

cru ci ble doc i ble fea si ble 

leg i ble flex i ble for ci ble 

hor ri ble ter ri ble sen si ble 

com bus' ti ble cor rup' ti ble com pres' si ble 

i ras ci ble in cli ges' ti ble ir re sis' ti ble 

Words ending in en and on* 



chast' en 


hap' pen 


trod' den 


hast en 


fas ten 


wo ven 


bid den 


lis ten 


clo ven 


bur den 


sweet en 


leav en 


heav en ' 


ha ven 


taken 


o pen 


oft en 


sev en 


ri pen 


mas ter 


gold en 


gar den 


ward en 


fro zen 


cot' ton 


glut' ton 


inut' ton 


ba con 


ma son 


par son 


par don 


per son 


bea con 


sea son 


rea son 


crim son 


trea son 


weap on 


gar ri son 



* The e and o are not sounded before n. 



62 THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



EXERCISES FOR WRITING. 

A rare chance. The fragrance of flowers. Music often enchants. 
The broad expanse. The inhabitants were noted for their ignorance. 
The disputants displayed great eloquence. The settlements were 
dense. The regiments were encamped on a lofty eminence. Fra- 
grant incense. 

Grammar was ' taught in the best manner by the author. The 
robber was concealed in a cellar. The beggar sat down to dinner. 
The drummer was found after much labor. The point of the hea- 
vens directly under the place where we stand, is called the nadir. 
The gentle zephyr. 

A laudable pursuit. A terrible disaster. A laughable occurrence. 
A flexible reed. His remarks were sensible. The season was 
changeable. The writing was not legible. A golden hue. A crim- 
son color. An irascible temper. A forcible argument. The food 
was indigestible. 

The property was salable. Lead is fusible. Changeable views. 
The project was feasible. Light and heat are serviceable to plants. 
Some syllables are short. A portable desk. 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Conveyance, obeisance, complaisance, diligence, intelligence, diffi- 
dence, difference, inference, peaceable, martyr, satyr, elixir, chan- 
cellor, surveyor, crucible, sensible, noticeable, placable, edible, 
tenable, visible, beacon, weapon, open, feasible, ratable, liquor, lan- 
guor, expanse, cormorants, augments. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 63 



cal z= cle, kle. 




cler' i cal 


crit' i cal 


en' bi cal 


la i cal 


rad i cal 


med i cal 


mag i cal 


trag i cal 


log i cal 


graph i cal 


prac ti cal 


clas si cal 


eth i cal 


com i cal 


cheni i cal 


tech ni cal 


fin i cal 


cyn i cal 


spher i cal 


drop si cal 


met ri cal 


lyr i cal 


sur gi cal 


phys i cal 


ver ti cal 


seep ti cal 


op ti cal 


nan ti cal 


her met' i cal 


fa nat' i cal 


po et' i cal 


gram mat i cal 


pa thet i cal 


syn thet i cal 


math e mat' i cal 


sys tern at 7 i cal 


em ble mat' i cal 


met a phys i cal 


e nig mat i cal 


sym met r ri cal 


syn chron' i cal 


metaphorical 


py ro tech' ni cal 


hy po thet r i cal 


hem i spher i cal 


un' cle 


cir' cle 


mus' cle 


trea cle 


ar ti cle 


man a cle 


i ci cle 


ped i cle 


fol li cle 


or a cle 


ob sta cle 


bar na cle 


spec ta cle 


ven tri cle 


pin na cle 


mir a cle 


ves i cle 


ver si cle 


pel li cle 


can ti cle 


ar ti cle 


par ti cle 


cu ti cle 


clav i cle 


car bun cle 


tu ber cle 


tab er na cle 


re cep'ta cle 


con yen' ti cle 


con cep ta cle 


an' kle 


cac' kle 


buc' kle 


ran kle 


cran kle 


in kle 


free kle 


fie kle 


spar kle 



64 



1 THE C 


OMPLETE SPELLER. 


tric'kle 


pric' kle 


hac'Jde 


sprin kle 


twin kle 


true kle 


chuc kle 


spec kle 


shac kle 


tin kle 


coc kle 


crac kle 


wrin kle 


crin kle 


muc kle. 


Words ending 


in age, ege : iage, 


idge, and ige, 


cab' bage 


dam' age 


cour' age 


man age 


gar bage 


sav age 


hom age 


sal vage 


pres age 


u sage 


suf frage 


urn brage 


ad age 


bag gage 


car nage 


cord age 


cot tage 


crib age 


do tage 


hos tage 


mes sage 


rav age 


til lage 


steer age 


vis age 


vin tage 


sel vage 


rnm mage 


plu mage 


mint age 


col' lege 


al lege' 


priv i lege 


sac ri lege 


sort' i lege 


o blige' 


mar riage 


car riage 


ves' tige 


cart ridge 


part ridge 


por ridge 


Words ending in erd, ird, and prd. 


hal' berd 


shep' herd 


■ pot' sherd 


cow herd 


goat herd 


swine herd 


be gird' 


un gird' 


en gird' 


hag' gard 


das' tard 


do' tard 


maz ard 


mus tard 


nig gard 


or chard 


pol lard 


scab bard 


spike nard 


stan dard 


tan kard 


way ward 


wind ward 


wiz ard 


liz ard 


cus tard 


giz zard 



THE 


COMPLETE SPELLER. 05 


buz' zard 




vine' yard 


cow' ard 


leop ard 




jeop ard 


re ward 7 


drunk ard 




tank ard 


slug' gard 


Word 


s ending in cy, sy, and zy. 


i'cy 




spi' cy 


jui' cy 


slui cy 




fan cy 


flee cy 


sau cy 




mer cy 


cu ra cy 


leg a cy 




prel a cy 


fal la cy 


pri ma cy 




lu na cy 


pa pa cy 


pi ra cy 




pri va cy 


va can cy 


in fan cy 




bril lian cy 


pli an cy 


ten an cy 




stag nan cy 


poign an cy 


piqu an cy 




de cen cy 


pen den cy 


ca den cy 




a gen cy 


re gen cy 


ar den cy 




co gen cy 


clem en cy 


flu en cy 




id i o cy 


sol ven cy 


po ten cy 




tan gen cy 


cur ren cy 


ex eel len cy 


di plo' ma cy 


tur bu len cy 


som no len cy 


em' i nen cy 


com pe ten cy 


con cur' ren 


cy 


ad he' ren cy 


per sist' en cy 


oV du ra cy 




con' tu ma cy 


in' no cen cy 


can des' cen 


cy 


buo/ an cy 


lieu ten' an cy 


sig nif i can 


cy 


ex trav' a gan cy 


dis cor dan cy 


con fed er a 


cy 


a ris toe' ra cy 


in vet er a cy 


tip' sy 




gip' sy 


tan' sy 


quin sy 




greas y 


clum sy 


Aim sy 




palsy 


pur sy 


glas sy 




glos sy 


po e sy 


easy 




drow sy 


dai sy 


noi sy 




pro sy 


po sy 


mas sy 




ro sy 


drop sy 


6* 




E 





66 THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



pan' sy 


bras' sy 


dros'sy 


ec sta cy 


jeal ous y 


em bas sy 


ep i lep sy 


min strel sy 


au top sy 


lep ro sy 


pleu ri sy 


dys pep' sy 


hy poc' ri sy 


a pos' ta sy 


an toe ra sy 


ha' zy 


la' zy 


ma' zy 


era zy 


breez y 


fren zy 


do zy 


oo zy 


fur zy 


fren zy 


sizy 


blow zy 


diz zy 


co zy 


slea zy 


miz zy 


co sy 


slee zy 


Words 


ending in y and ey. 


bod'y 


lob' by 


hob' by 


cler gy 


gen try 


sen try 


star ry 


gau dy 


ugly 


nin ny 


cro ny 


har py 


bur ly 


pig my 


flur ry 


pas try 


poul try 


- gid dy 


sub si dy 


ef fi gy 


fam i ly 


honi i ly 


eq ui ty 


ob lo quy 


tyr an ny 


com pa ny 


vil lain y 


rem e dy 


dep u ty 


scar ci ty 


trag e dy 


per fi dy 


mal a dy 


bur' ley 


al'ley 


gal' ley 


ab bey 


tur key 


val ley 


med ley 


jock ey 


cock ney 


vol ley 


hack ney 


lack ey 


mot ley 


chim ney 


par ley 


pars ley 


lamp rey 


hon ey 


jour ney 


mon key 


mon ey 


kid ney 


malm sey 


at tor' ney 


pul ley 


jer sey 


ker sey 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 67 



EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

A clerical error. A critical period. A cubical box. An inter- 
esting spectacle. A particle of matter. The pinnacle of the temple. 
A tangible icicle. Manacle, a kind of shackle. An article of food. 
A serious obstacle. Radicle, a name given to the fibrous part of a 
root. A radical evil. A tragical scene. Freckle, a spot on the 
skin. Barnacle, a shell which is often found on the bottoms of 
ships. 

Cabbage, a kind of vegetable. Heavy rains damage roads. The 
shepherd lost his baggage. There was not a vestige of the carriage. 
A bird of beautiful plumage. The goatherd had a vineyard near his 
cottage. Juicy fruit. There was a fallacy in the argument. A 
clumsy garment. Rosy cheeks. A breezy summit. Tangency, a 
touching or contact. Autopsy, personal observation. 

Hazy atmosphere. Obloquy, reproachful language. Villainy, ex- 
treme depravity. Malady, a disease. A long journey. Malmsey, 
a kind of wine. A successful remedy. There was a scarcity of 
money. 

Spicy breezes. Fleecy clouds. Hazy clouds. A glassy surface. 
Hurry of speech. The poignancy of grief. 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Spherical, pedicle, comical, pickle, freckle, cynical, cuticle, sym- 
metrical, obstacle, marriage, porridge, college, coward, cowherd, 
oblige, mintage, dyspepsia, buoyancy, hypocrisy, excellency, poig- 
nancy, tyranny, lucky, attorney, mazard, shepherd, leopard, gizzard, 
wizard, buzzard, lizards 



68 



THE COMPLETE SPELLEE. 



Words in which ti and si have the sound of sh. 



ac' tion 
die tion 
fac tion 
men tion 
por tion 
sta tion 
bas tion 
ab sorp' tion 
as sump tion 
con vie tion 
ex cep tion 

ces' sion 
pen sion 
ver sion 
ag gres' sion 
ex pres sion 
man n mis' sion 
de clen' sion 
ap pre hen' sion 
rep re hen sion 

gla 7 ciate 
of fi/ ciate 
re nun ciate 
ap pre ciate 
sa 7 tiate 
ne go 7 tiate 
ex pa tiate 
no vi tiate 



cau' tion 
fie tion 
frac tion 
mo tion 
op tion 
sue tion 
ques tion 
ab strac' tion 
con trac tion 
dis trac tion 
de jec tion 

mis 7 sion 
pas sion 
ses sion 
ad mis 7 sion 
im pres sion 
com pre hen 7 sion 
an i mad ver 7 sion 
con de seen 7 sion 
mis ap pre hen' sion 

e ma / ciate 
as so ciate 
an nun ciate 
dis so ciate 
vi' tiate 
li cen 7 tiate 
sub stan tiate 
cir cum stan' tiate 



cap' tion 
fric tion 
func tion 
na tion 
ra tion 
po tion 
sump tion 
a dop' tion 
con junc tion 
ex trac tion 
in due tion 

man 7 sion 
ten sion 
a ver' sion 
com pas sion 
o mis sion 
ex pan sion 
pro gres sion 
sue ces sion 
op pres sion 

de pre 7 ciate 
ex cru ciate 
con so ciate 
con gla ciate 
ter 7 tiate 
in gra 7 tiate 
pro pi tiate 
in sa tiate 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



69 



Words in whicl 


1 ti, ci and si hav 


e the sound of « 


par' tial 


mar tial 


imp' tial 


ere den' tial 


pru den' tial 


in i r tial 


es sen tial 


po ten tial 


im par tial 


sub stan tial 


sci en tial 


sol sti tial 


pen i ten' tial 


e qui noc' tial 


prov i den' tial 


in flu en tial 


con se quen tial 


cir cum stan tial 


so' cial 


spe r cial 


gla' cial 


of fi' cial 


fi nan' cial 


pro vin' cial 


ju di cial 


es pe cial 


ben e fi' cial 


ar ti fi / cial 


pre ju di r cial 


su per fi cial 


com mer r cial 


in ar ti fi' cial 


con tro ver sial 


fac' tious 


fie' tious 


cap' tious 


can tious 


in fee 7 tious 


vex a' tious 


am bi' tious 


frac' tious 


fa ce tious 


in fee tious 


li ecu' tious 


sen ten tious 


con ten tious 


in cau tious 


fla gi tious 


fac ti tious 


fie ti tious 


pro pi tious 


se di tious 


nu tri tious 


su per sti tious 


Words in which ci, standee have the sound of 


con 7 scious 


lus' cious 


pre' cious 


gra cious 


spa cious 


spe cious 


pre cious 


vi cious 


ve ra' cious 


vo ra ; cious 


ca pa' cious 


fal la cious 


vi va cious 


lo qua cious 


ju di cious 


ma li cious 


per ni cious 


au spi cious 


of fi cious 


sus pi cious 


ca pri cious 


a tro cious 


pre co cious 


av a ri' cious 


pug na cious 


ef fi ca r cious 


con tu ma cious 



70 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



cro' ceous 
her ba' ceous 
fal la cious 
tes ta ceous 



ce ta' ceous 
pre da ceous 
fa ri na' ceous 
sap o na ceous 



crus ta' ceous 
ar gil la' ceous 
sco ri a ceous 
fo li a ceous 



Words in which s, preceded by a vowel and 
followed by io, ia, or ie, has the sound of zh. 



VIS' 10U 

di vi' siou 
oc ca siou 
per va siou 
pre ci sion 
e li siou 
pro vi sion 
suf fu siou 
con clu sion 
al lu sion 
ob tru sion 
trans fu sion 
ho'sier 



e va' sion 
de ci sion 
in va sion 
dis sua sion 
in ci sion 
col li sion 
cor ro sion 
in fu sion 
ex clu sion 
il lu sion 
in tru sion 
in ter clu sion 



co he' sion 
ad he sion 
per sua sion 
oc ci sion 
con ci sion 
de ri sion 
dif fu sion 
pro fu sion 
de lu sion 
col lu sion 
con tu sion 
cir cum fu sion 
o' sier 



Words ending in eous and 



ious. 



ca se ous 
pit e ous 
du te ous 
plen te ous 
os se ous 
ce ru'le ous 
siin ul ta' ne ous 
heteroge'ne ous 



hid' e ous 
vit re ous 
a que ous 
boun te ous 
ex tra ne ous 
mem bra' ne ous 



lig' ne ous 
fer re ous 
niv e ous 
beau te ous _ 
cu ta' ne ous 
spon ta ne ous 



tern po ra' ne ous horn o ge' ne ous 
in stan ta ne ous mis eel la ne ous 







THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



71 



cu n ous 
o di ous 
stu di ous 
va ri ous 
fu ri ous 
in ju' ri ous 
il lus tri ous 
ini pe ri ous 
fe lo ni ous 
ac ri mo' ni ous 
par si mo ni ous 



du' bi ous 
ob vi ous 
co pi ous 
glo ri ous 
spu ri ous 
ux o / ri ous 
cen so ri ous 
de lir i ous 
ab ste mi ous 
cer e mo' ni ous 
sane ti mo ni ous 



en vi ous 
im pi ous 
ca ri ous 
se ri ous 
pe nu' ri ous 
vie to ri ous 
la bo ri ous 
ne fa ri ous 
ig no min' ious 
del e te ri ous 
quer i mo ni ous 



Words ending in ement and iment. 



el' e ment 
in ere ment 
ve lie ment 
ru di ment 
reg i ment 
mer ri ment 
ex per i ment 
sed' i ment 



im' pie ment 
con ere ment 
com pie ment 
ped i ment 
al i ment 
nu tri ment 
sen ti ment 
im ped' i ment 



ten' e ment 
sup pie ment 
dec re ment 
con di ment 
lin i ment 
det ri ment 
ha bil' i ment 
sta bil i ment 



Words ending in efy and ify. 

stu 7 pe fy rar' e fy liq' ue fy 

ar e fy 



tor re fy 



pu tre fy 



ed' i fy 


de' i fy 


dig'nify 


sig ni fy 


vit ri fy 


ver i fy 


glo ri fy 


clar i fy 


ter ri fy 



1Z THE 


COMPLETE SPELLER. 


fal'sify 


cer' ti fy 


beau' ti fy 


sane ti fy 


jus ti fy 


fruc ti fy 


am pli fy 


os si fy 


pet ri fy 


dis qual' i fy 


in dem' ni fy 


per son' i fy 


Words ending in etude and iiude. 


qui' e tude 


des'uetude 


con' sue tude 


man sue tude 


in qui' e tude 


dis qui' e tude 


hab i tude 


Ion' gi tude 


mag' ni tude 


am pli tude 


tur pi tude 


mul ti tude 


for ti tude 


sol i tude 


grat i tude 


de crep' i tude 


vi cis' si tude. 


las si tude 


dis sim il' i tude 


in cer ti tude 


in grat' i tude 


Words ending in ety 


and ity. 


gai' e ty 


pi' e ty 


ni' ce ty 


gay e ty 


moi e ty 


so ci' e ty 


so bri' e ty 


e bri' e ty 


anx i e ty 


pro pri e ty 


im pi e ty 


sa ti e ty 


no to ri' e ty 


in so bri' e ty 


im pro pri' e ty 


la' ity 


de'ity 


eru' di ty 


prob i ty 


pau ci ty 


brev i ty 


qual i ty 


quan ti ty 


char i ty 


priv i ty 


en mi ty 


grav i ty 


suav i ty 


sane ti ty 


com i ty 


an nu' ity 


gar ru li ty . 


gratu'ity 


ur ban i ty 


te mer i ty 


dex ter i ty 


a vid i ty 


hu mil i ty 


stu pid ity 


neu tral i ty 


ma lig ni ty 


com mod ity 


prod i gal' i ty 


neu tral i ty 


mal lea bil' i ty 


flam ma bil i ty 


pec ca bil' i ty 


prob a bil i ty 


tran qui!' li ty 


fer til' i ty 


in ere du li ty 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



73 



Words in w 

an' i mate 
fas ci nate 
med i tate 
lies i tate 
ab di cate 
ex pi ate 
ir ri gate 
pal pi tate 
cog i tate 
ad' e quate 
ex e crate 
per pe trate 
tol e rate 
per pe trate 
gen e rate 
dep re cate 

Words in 

ad ver' si ty 
pro pen si ty 
cu ri os' i ty 
an i mos i ty 
men dac' i ty 
ra pac i ty 
lo quae i ty 
vi vac i ty 
du plic i ty 
ve rac i ty 
to rac i ty 
7 



liich i and e are 
in' ti mate 
nom i nate 
im i tate 
in di cate 
ex tri cate 
grav i tate 
in sti gate 
pred i cate 
lit i gate 
con' se crate 
con gr'e gate 
pen e trate 
rec re ate 
lib e rate 
ven e rate 
des e crate 

which si and ci 

di ver' si ty 
ne ces si ty 
pom pos ity 
u ni ver' si ty 
ail dac' i ty 
sa gac i ty 
fe roc i ty 
pug nac i ty 
sim plic i ty 
rus tic i ty 
e las tic' i ty 



often confounded. 

es' ti mate 
em i grate 
me di ate 
can di date 
ob li gate 
cap ti vate 
mu ti late 
fu mi gate 
sal i vate 
eel' e brate 
nu me rate 
mod e rate 
it e rate 
op e rate 
del e gate 



are confounded. 

in ten' si ty 
im men si ty 
gen er os'i ty 
scrap u los' i ty 
te nac' ity 
ca pac i ty 
a troc i ty 
ve loc i ty 
fe lie i ty 
o pac i ty 
re ci proc' i ty 



74 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

A brilliant action. A wise caution. A flowing diction. An im- 
portant mission. An elegant mansion. The question was difficult. 
The function of a judge. An omission of duty. The contraction 
of the muscles. The manumission of slaves. 

A martial spirit. Social duties. Financial concerns. Glacial 
phenomena. A captious disposition. An infectious disease. Pru- 
dential reasons. A capacious building. An atrocious crime. An 
herbaceous plant. A precocious youth. Argillaceous, clayey. 

A distinct vision. The cohesion of particles. An interesting 
occasion. A profusion of fruit. The diffusion of knowledge. 

A hideous spectacle. A piteous condition. A duteous scholar. 
A cutaneous disease. Spontaneous growth. A penurious person. 
Spurious coin. A furious storm. An illustrious name. A felonious 
intention. A censorious spirit. A heterogeneous mass. 

The elements of knowledge. The first rudiments of grammar. 
The habiliments of mourning. Opium stupefies. Rarefy, to make 
thin. Verify, to prove to be true. Ossify, to form bone. Gratitude 
is one of the noblest virtues. A paucity of food. Impropriety of 
conduct. Urbanity of manners. Intense anxiety. The notoriety 
of the offence. 

Adequate means. Intimate friendship. Intricate subject. Moder- 
ate views. Mendacity, habitual lying. Duplicity, deceit, double- 
dealing. The tenacity of glue. The velocity of lightning. Felicity, 
happiness. The immensity of space. The intensity of fight. 

EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Extraction, succession, expansion, abstraction, associate, nego- 
tiate, novitiate, consociate, emaciate, expatiate, controversial, com- 
mercial, provincial, superstitious, testaceous, cetaceous, persuasion. 

Miscellaneous, ceremonious, idoneous, uxorious, habiliment, sup- 
plement, typify, beautify, quietude, solitude, consuetude, desuetude, 
lassitude, tranquillity, humility, malleability, neutrality, litigate, 
moderate, operate, velocity, pomposity, curiosity, vivacity. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



75 



Words in w 


hich an and aw 
a in hall. 


have the soi 


an' burn 


aud' it 


an' spice 


an thor 


au gust 


plan dit 


pau per 


cau tion 


can cus 


caus tic , 


fau cet 


gau dy 


lau rel 


san cer 


maud lin 


sau sage 


vault er 


cause way 


aug ment 


cau sal 


au stere' 


and i tor 


laud a ble 


an ro r ra 


an ri cle 


an di ence 


au then tic 


nau ti cal 


pau ci ty 


au'di tory 


an to crat 


au gu ry 


laud a num 


hy dran r lie 


tar pan' lin 


a er o naut 


aw' ful 


law' yer 


law' suit 


awn ing 


taw ny 


taw dry 


saw yer 


awk ward 


haw thorn 


mawk ish 


draw er 


straw ber ry 



Words in which ea and ee have the sound of 
e in mete. 



bea'con 


bea' die 


beak' er 


ea ger 


ea gle 


ea sel 


bea ver 


dea con 


drear y 


grea sy 


lead er 


clear ance 


fear ful 


hea then 


mea sles 


rea son 


sneak er 


stream er 


trea cle 


trea son 


treat ment 


wea ry 


wea sand 


wea sel 



76 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



wheat' en 
bee tie 
free man 
meet ing 
stee pie 
heed ful 
gree dy 

hear' ing 
read ing 
deal ing 
steal ing 
steam ing 
leap ing 
cheat ing 
feed ing 
breed ing 
weep ing 
greet ing 
steer ing 
cheer ing 
weed ing 
freez ing 



wreath' y 
fee ble 
nee dy 
nee die 
twee zers 
need ful - 
spee dy 

beam' ing 
lead ing 
heal ing 
clear ing 
mean ing 
bleat ing 
scream ing 
feel ing 
see ing 
keep ing 
creep ing 
veer ing 
screen ing 
feed ing 
sqneez ing 



year' ling 
flee cy 
keep sake 
pee vish 
peer age 
steel yard 
free dom 

gleam' ing 
teach ing 
fear ing 
dream ing 
glean ing 
heap ing 
squeak ing 
flee ing 
seek ing 
sleep ing 
sweep ing 
kneel ing 
reel ing 
bleed ing 
breez ing 



Words in which ea and e have the sound of 
e short, as in met. 



cred' it 


wed' lock 


blem' ish 


gen der 


hel met 


per il 


her aid 


tern per 


mem ber 


nev er 


cher ish 


per ish 


cher ub 


skep tic 


teth er 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



77 



breth' ren 
mead ow 
meas ure 
pleas ant 
stead fast 
zeal ot 
featb er 
jeal ous 
treacli e ry 



neth' er 
weap on 
pleas ure 
read y 
threat en 
zeal ous 
heath er 
treas ure 
read i ness 



welli' er 
leav en 
heav en 
stead y 
weath er 
break fast 
leath er 
clear ly 
en deav' or 



Words in which ou and ow have the sound of 
on in house. 



boun' ty 


coun' ty 


clou'dy 


noun der 


foun der 


found ling 


dis count 


a mount' 


a bound' 


foun tain 


dis mount 


cle vour 


as found' 


re dound 


re bound 


sur round 


re nounce 


pro nounce 


ca rouse 


es pouse 


a rouse 


be foul 


out' law 


loun' ger 


a ground 


scoun drel 


gout y 


al low' ance 


dow a ger 


em pow'er 


en dow ments 


flow er et 


pow' er ful 


par' a mount 


coun te nance 


en coun' ter 


cow' ard 


cow' er 


dow' er 


flow er 


power 


show er 


dow ry 


fowl er 


chow der 


trow el 


vow el 


bow el 


prow ler 


howl er 


clown ish 


cow slip 


prow ess 


dow las 


7* 







78 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



/ords in wh 


ich 01 and oy 1 
oy in boy. 


iave the sou 


broi' der 


clois' ter 


coin' age 


boil er 


foil er 


hoi den 


join er 


loi ter 


coin er 


point er 


toil et 


in voice 


noi some 


moist ure 


spoil er 


moi e ty 


oint ment 


ap point' 


a droit' 


ex ploit' 


de spoil 


em broil 


re coil 


rejoin" 


e' qui poise 


em broid' er 


re join' der 


roy' al 


joy' fill 


boy' ish 


oys ter 


voy age 


de stroy' 


al loy' 


an noy' 


cor' du roy 


em ploy 7 er 


en joy ment 


an noy' ance 



Words in which s and z have the sound of 
z, soft, as in azure. 



n sing 
rais ing 
teas ing 
los ing 
can sing 
us ing 
dis clos' ing 
sup pos ing 
ap peas ing 



ha' sing 
prais ing 
cruis ing 
fa sing 
mu sing 
in fu sing 
a mu' sing 
ex po sing 
ad vi sing 



mou' sing 
cau sing 
brui sing 
pau sing 
a bu' sing 
con fu sing 
pe ru' sing 
com po sing 
pre mi sing 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



T9 



quiz zing 



bronz ing 



dis pleas' ing 
gla' zing 
ha zing 
whee zing 



ex er ci sing 
buz zing 
ooz ing 
squeez ing 



Words in which c and s have the sound of s, as 
in sin. 



danc' ing 


glan r cing 


pran r cing 


lac ing 


pa cing 


bra cing 


plac ing 


gra cing 


tra cing 


fenc ing 


min cing 


spli cing 


fare ing 


spi cing 


pierc ing 


fleec ing 


floun cing 


poun cing 


spac ing 


de fa' cing 


re tra' cing 


em brae' ing 


dis gra cing 


dis pla cing 


co ere ing 


di yor cing 


con vin cing 


tra due ing 


pro du cing 


re du cing 


en tic ing 


con du cing 


se du cing 


an nounc ing 


pro noun cing 


com men cing 


rins' ing 


nurs' ing 


miss' ing 


bless ing 


creas ing 


pass ing 


gues sing 


pas sing 


dres sing 


mis sing 


his sing 


cas ing 


cros sing 


glos sing 


loos ing 


ceas ing 


leas ing 


chas ing 


press ing 


bos sing 


e ra' sing 


a ba' sing 


de ba sing 


com press ing 


re im burs' ing 


in ter spers' ing 


trans gress ing 


dis pen' sing 


con den' sing 


re hears' ing 


con fess ing 


de press ing 


op press ing 


re pass ing 


re dress ing 


en gross ing 



80 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Words in which i and y 


have the sound of 




i short, as in pin. 


bish' op 


big' ot 


civ' ic 


dis trict 


dis taff 


frig id 


mir ror 


linch pin 


, mid riff 


pil grim 


pitch er 


piv ot 


min strel 


lin en 


quiv er 


ill ness 


vie tim ■ - 


sift ed 


gin seng 


splin ter 


ring let 


scriv e ner 


sir rah 


mir ror 


mir a cle 


min is ter 


min u et 


em pir ic 


in sip' id 


sa tir' ic 


priv i lege 


vir' u lent 


sta tis tic 


witch e ry 


riv u let 


e clip tic 


crys' tal 


cyg'net 


cyn' ic 


mys tic 


hys sop 


lyr ic 


tym bal 


lyr ic 


syr inge 


syn od 


syn tax 


styp tic 


sys tern 


syl van 


gyp snm 


myth ic 


symp torn 


ca lyx 


mys te ry 


myr i ad 


cyl in der 


typ i cal 


pyr a mid 


syl la ble 


syc a more 


sym me try 


sym pa thy 


syn o nym 


tyr an ny 


hys ter' ic 


pres by ter 


dys en ter y 


gym nas tic 


pan e gyr' ic 


po lyg' a my 


id i o syn' era sy 


lab y rinth 


crys' tal line 


syn' the sis 


ox y mel 


sym bo lize 


hyp o crite 


sar do nyx 


syn co pe 


styg i an 


syl lo gize 


sys to le 


typ i fy 


sym pa thize 


ox y gen 


mys ti cal 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 81 



EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

Auburn hair. The lawyer made a speech at the caucus. The 
pauper -was engaged in a lawsuit. Gaudy style. Austere manners. 
A caustic speech. The drawers were laid up in the drawer. 
Hydraulic cement. A tarpaulin hat. An awful scene. A tawny 
skin. 

The light of the beacon. Beavers build dams. The road was 
dreary. The boys were eager to learn. A fearful sight. Wheaten 
bread. The weasel is a sprightly animal. Deacon Thomas presided 
at the meeting. A tall steeple. Speedy destruction. The water 
was freezing. The lambs were bleating. A pleasing incident. 

Cloudy weather. The fertile country. The horseman dismounts. 
Flowers abound. The flounders were caught after the shower. 
The vowels should often be pronounced. The coward encountered 
the enemy. Clownish manners. The mason's trowel. The bounty 
of Providence. 

A brilliant exploit. Noisome pestilence. An adroit artist. A 
joyful appointment. The monks were confined in the cloister. A 
tedious voyage. Legal subjects. A happy rejoinder. The water 
was oozing from the rocks. The cattle were grazing on the plains. 
The bees were buzzing. Bracing air. The term of study is com- 
mencing. Idle boys are often enticing their companions from 
school. 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Augment, aeronaut, awkward, hawthorn, strawberries, augury, 
weasand, tweezers, weazel, measles, steelyard, leather, tether, 
heather, nether, peerage, squeezing, squeaking, pointer, royal, cor- 
duroy, annoyance, equipoise, mystic, empyric, styptic, dysentery, 
polygamy, symmetry, cylinder, symptom. 



82 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



Words in which er, ur, ir, 



yr, and our have the 





sound of er in 


her. 


bur' den 


bur' dock 


bur' gess 


cer tain 


cer ti fy 


cer tif'i cate 


cir cus 


cir cuit 


cir' cu late 


cir cle 


cir cu' it ous 


cir cu lar 


cur few 


cur' tain 


cur so ry 


sir loin 


ser mon 


ser vice 


ser vile 


ser pent 


ser vi tude 


sjir vey 


sur prise' 


sur mise' 


sur name 


sur tout 


sur vive 


sur pass' 


sur' ro gate 


sur vey' or 


fer' vent 


fer' tile 


fer' vor 


fur long 


fur nish 


fur ther 


fur tive 


fur row 


fur rier 


fir kin 


fir man 


gir die 


mer' cy 


mer' cer 


mer' chant 


iner maid 


mer cu ry 


mer ci ful 


mur der 


mur mur 


mur rain 


mur ky 


nurs ling 


myr tie 


per mit' 


per plex' 


per vade' 


per verse 


per tain 


per suade 


per vert 


per' feet 


per spire 


per' jure 


per ju ry 


per' me ate 


pur pie 


pur port 


pur pose 


purs lain 


pur sue' 


pur suit' 


pur vey' 


pur' chase 


pur loin 


pur sui' vant 


pur te nance 


pur vey' or 


ster' ling 


ster nal 


ster' nuni 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



83 



stur' geon 


stur' dy 


stur' di ness 


ter mi nate 


ter mi nal 


ter ma gant 


tur key 


turn key 


tur nip 


tur gid 


tur moil 


tur me ric 


tur bu lence 


tur pen tine 


tur bot 


ver sion 


ver vain 


ver tex 


vir tue 


vir gin 


vir tu ous 


skir mish 


hir sute 


irk some 


jour ney 


jour nal 


cour te ous 


fords in which the termination ure has the 




sound of yur. 




creat' ure 


cult' ure 


capt' ure 


cinct ure 


feat ure 


fail ure 


gest ure 


junct ure 


struct ure 


moist ure 


lect ure 


rapt ure 


mixt ure 


ten ure 


tor ture 


vent ure 


vest ure 


ord ure 


fixt ure 


post ure 


past ure 


na ture 


fu ture 


nurt ure 


script ure 


strict ure 


vult ure 


verd ure 


vest ure 


punct ure 


tinct ure 


stat ure 


sculpt ure 


de part' ure 


con ject' ure 


de bent' ure 


con junct ure 


en rapt ure 


pro ced ure 


ad vent ure 


im post ure 


man u fact' ure 


con text ure 


ad mixt ure 


ag ri cult ure 


hor ti oil' ture 


su per struct' ure 


per ad vent ure 



84 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



Words -in whi 


ch i 9 after an 


accented syllable, 


and followed by a vowel, 


has the consonant 


sound of y. 






anx' ious 


ax' iom 


al ; ien 


bast ion 


bill ion 


bill iarcls 


bull ion 


brill iant 


bil ious 


cloth ier 


coll ier 


chris tian 


court ier 


cord ial 


fust ian 


flex ion 


filial 


fol io 


jun ior 


sen ior 


mill ion 


min ion 


ruff ian 


ques tion 


un ion 


on ion 


pin ion 


scull ion 


trun nion 


triv ial 


pil lion 


pon iard 


viz ier 


val iant 


vis ion 


ind ian 


pann ier 


lial liards 


prem ier 


sav iour 


span iel 


bat tal' ion 


aux il r iar 


be hav r ior 


com mun ion 


ce les tial 


ci vil ian 


com plex ion 


com bust ion 


com pan ion 


pro vis ion 


fa mil iar 


pe cul iar 


pos till ion 


ver mil ion 


su per cil' ious 


es pal ier 


pie be ian 


per fid' ious 


fa mil i ar ■ i ty 



Words in which ai and ay have the sound of 
«, as in fate. 



cai' tiff 
aid ing 
dai ry 



bai' liff 
dai sy 
dain ty 



dai r ly 
gai ters 
rai ment 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



85 



sail' or 
paint ing 
faith ful 
nai a des 
cray on 
may or 
say ing 



trai' tor 
faint ing 
main sail 
at tain' der 
lay' man 
way ward 
may pole 



jail' or 
plain tiff 
wait er 

com plai sant 
dray man 
pay ment 
play ful 



Words in which o and u have the sound of u, 
as in tub. 



com' bat 


com' pass 


com' ing 


com fort ■ 


com rade 


come ly 


bom bast 


pom mel 


mon day 


broth er 


moth er 


smoth er 


noth ing 


some thing 


won der 


ton nage 


mon grel 


mon ey 


plov er 


oth er 


cov er 


lum' ber 


slum' ber 


num' ber 


sub ject 


turn bier 


trum pet 


bus kin 


lus trin g 


mus lin 


nut meg 


blun der 


thun der 


hun ter 


cud gel 


bud get 


blus ter 


clus ter 


mus ter 


duch ess 


duck ing 


buck ster 



Words in which a and o have the sound of 
o short, as in not. 
what was - wart 

wand wasp wash 

squab squat squad 

8 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



squash 


swap 


swan 


swath 


swamp 


" ward 


wan 7 cler 


wan' ton 


war' rant 


wad die 


waffle 


wal low 


wal let 


war ren 


quar ry 


quar rel 


swal low 


was sail 


watch ful 


watch man 


watch ing 


qual i ty 


qnan ti ty 


qual i fy 


watch word 


squan cler 


squad ron 


squal id 


hal i but 


quad ran gle 


quan da ry 


quad ru pie 


quad ra ture 


cob' web 


gob' let 


gob' lin* 


lob ster 


com et 


prob lem 


bon net 


bod kin 


con duct 


prod net 


lock et 


rock et 


poth er 


both er 


pon tiff 


nion ster 


con gress 


com pact 


con sort 


con script 


pros pect 


spon dee 


com pi ex 


os trich 



Words in which o and e before final n are not 
sounded. 



ba'con 


beck' on 


but' ton 


bla zon 


cot ton 


crim son 


glut ton 


mut ton 


par don 


par son 


per son 


poi son 


pris on 


reck on 


dam son 


bi son 


les son 


ven i son 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 87 



bid 7 den 


black' en 


bra' zen 


bro ken 


clo ven 


gar den 


gold en 


heav en 


ha ven 


hemp en 


he a then 


length en 


maid en 


miz zen 


molt en 


ov en 


o pen 


red den 


sad den 


wood en 


smit ten 


sod den 


swol len 


ra yen 


wax en 


writ ten 


strait en 


quick en 


strick en 


sick en 


lead en 


war den 


hap pen 



Words in which el and le have the sound of Z, 
the e being silent. 

driv' el grov' el rav' el 

ha zel na vel shek el 

shov el shriv el swiv el 

wea sel tea sel sniv el 

a' ble ca'ble fa' ble 

sta ble trem ble stum ble 

rab ble pad die mar ble 

bram ble scram ble coup le 

peb ble ri fie sup pie 

treb le muf fle bub ble 

tus sle rip pie troub le 

bus tie trip le med die 

ea gle un cle treb le 

stee pie spec kle muz zle 

peo pie noz zle puz zle 



88 THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

A heavy burden. The house of burgesses. A circuitous route. A 
sirloin of beef. A firkin of butter. Murky atmosphere. The sur- 
vey was accomplished after a long journey. A merciful man is 
merciful to his beast. A furtive glance. Virgin soil is fertile. The 
cattle died of the murrain. 

A beautiful creature. The moisture of the earth. The posture 
of affairs. Future prospects. An awkward gesture. Green ver- 
dure. A strange procedure. An anxious mind. A cordial greet- 
ing. A valiant soldier. Filial duties. A game of billiards. A 
familiar question. A fair complexion. 

Daily bread. Bailiff, a subordinate officer. The painting was 
exquisite. A faithful saying. A wayward disposition. The traitor 
was executed. A part of a saddle is called a pommel. A mortal 
combat. A large halibut. A quantity of lumber. Lobsters are 
abundant. A locket of hair. A squalid dress. The quadrature 
of the circle. A gloomy prison. Excellent venison. Crimson cur- 
tains. The stream was swollen. Golden buttons. 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Surrogate, cursory, myrtle, purloin, mermaid, murmur, turmeric, 
termagant, courteous, curfew, hirsute, vizier, auxiliary, plebeian, 
magnolia, poniard, trunnion, scullion, pannier, quadruple, spondee, 
quandary, problem, wallet, mizzen, structure, couple, supple, triple, 
ripple, bustle, tussle, postillion, vermilion, wassail, naiades, com- 
plaisant. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



89 





Silent Letters. 






Words in which 


I is 


silent. 


lamb 


jamb 




bomb 


tomb 


dumb 




numb 


debt 


climb 




comb 


crumb 


thumb 




doubt 


limb 


re doubt 




debt' or 


sub' tie 


hec' a tomb 




be numb 



Words in which c 9 d, and cli are silent. 

in diet' in diet' ment czar 

vict' uals vict' ual ers schis mat' ic 

hand some hand ker chief wednes' day- 

drachm yacht schism 



Words in which g 


is silent. 


gnat 


gnaw 


gnash 


gnarl 


gnome 


gnos' tic 


gnu 


gno' mon 


gnarled 


gnash' ing 


gneiss 


sign 


deign 


feign 


reign 


de sign' 


con sign' 


en' sign 


re sign 


con dign 


ma lign 


be nign 


for' eign 


seign ior* 


bagn'io 


se ragl'io* 


im pugn' 


poign ant 


poign' an cy 


feign' ed Iy 


ar raign' 


cam paign' 


di' a phragm 


sov' er eign 


ap' o thegm 


par a digm 


con sign' ment 


as sign' ment 


un feign' ed 



*Obs. — i" has the sound of y in bagnio, seraglio, and seignior. 

8* 



90 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

Words in which n is silent, 
hymn kiln limn 



an' tumn 


sol' emn 


col' umn 


con demn' 


con temn' 


con temn'ing 




Words in which Z,is 


silent. 


alms 


balm 


balk 


calm 


calf 


calve 


half 


halve 


calk 


chalk 


stalk 


talk 


walk 


psalm 


palm 


salve 


qualm 


folks 


could 


would 


should 


calk' er 


fal r con 


hal' sers 


salm on 


be half' 


al mond 



Words in which p is silent. 

psalm psal' ter psal' mist 

prompt tempt emp ty 

at tempt' re ceipt' pti' san 

pty'alisni pseu'do raspberry 



aisle 
vis' count 



Words in which s is silent, 
isle isl' and 



de mesne' 



ap ro pos 



Words in which t is silent, 
bus' tie bris'tle cas'tle 

chas ten has ten chris ten 

glis ten lis ten mois ten 



THE 


COMPLETE 


SPELLER. 


soft' en 


oft/ en 


fast' en 


jos tie 


pes tie 


this tie 


wres tie 


nes tie 


gris tie 


pes tie 


whis tie 


thros tie 


a pos' tie 


e pis' tie 


mort gage 


chest nut 


christ mas 


mis tie toe 



91 



Words in which gh is silent. 



bright 


blight 


bight 


aught 


caught 


brought 


bought 


high 


dough 


might 


light 


nigh 


plight 


right 


night 


tight 


sigh 


fright 


neigh 


sleigh 


thigh 


fraught 


thought 


fought 


be sought 


in yeigh' 


wrought 


neigh' bor 


bor' ough 


fur' lough 


daugh ter 


de light 7 


slaugh ter 



Words in which li is silent. 



hour 


heir 


hon' or 


hon' est 


myrrh 


rheum 


rhomb 


rhyme 


thyme 


asth' ma 


isth' mus 


ca tarrh' 


ghost 


ghost ly 


gher' kin 


rhu'barb 


rheu ma tism 


rhap so dy 


rhet o ric 


rhi noc' e ros 


hem or rhage 


di ar rhce' a 


dis ha bille' 


hem or rhoids 



92 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



Words in which h 


is silent. 


knave 


knack 


knag 


knee 


kneel 


knead 


knew 


knell 


knife 


knight 


knit 


knock 


knob 


knoll 


knout 


know 


known 


knuck' le 


knot' ty 


knap' sack 


knowl edge 


Words in which ue is silent. 


brogue 


league 


fugue 


plague 


vague 


rogue 


teague 


tongue 


mosque 


masque 


pique 


u nique' 


col' league 


ec logue' 


pro logue 


fa tigue' 


in trigue 


ob lique 


ha rangue 


ca zique 


pro rogue 


o paque 


ap' o logue 


cat' a logue 


dec' a logue 


dem a gogue 


di a logue 


ep i logue 


ped a gogue 


syn a gogue 


Words in which u 


is silent. 


guard 


guess 


guest 


guide 


guilt 


guile 


build 


built 


buy 


quay 


quote 


guer' don 


rogu' ish 


con' quer 


cir cuit 


buy er 


bis cuit 


gum ea 


liq uor 


quin tal 


quo rum 


quo ta 


quo tient 


guit ar' 


ban quet 


co quette' 


dis guise 


be guile' 


et i quette 


guar' an ty 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



93 



Words in which w is silent. 



who 


whose 


whom 


whole 


whoop 


wholly 


wrap 


wreath ■ 


wrath 


wring 


wrung 


wrong 


wrigbt 


write 


wrought 


wrest 


wrench 


wreck 


wren 


wry 


sword 


an 7 swer 


whole 7 some 


south 7 ward 


a wry 7 


wretch eel 


whole sale 


Words in 


which cli has the sound of h. 


chord 


chyle 


chyme 


conch 


cho 7 ral 


chasm 


chrome 


ache 


loch 


scheme 


school 


schol 7 ar 


chrism 


anch 7 or 


an arch 


ar 7 chives 


cha os 


chem ist 


chlo rine 


chol er 


chron ic 


christ 


chris ten 


chris tian 


ech 7 o 


ep och 


dis tich 


mech lin 


drach ma 


or chis 


pas chal 


sched ule 


schoon er 


stom ach 


strych nine 


te trarch 


tro chee 


mon arch 


pi broch 


an chor age 


anch o ret 


an arch y 


ar che type 


ar chi tect 


ar chi trave 



Obs. — When arch is prefixed to the Saxon or French Tvords, it has 
the sound of arch in March ; as : archbishop, archfiend, archduke, 
archenemy, archduchy. 



94 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



bronch'i al 
cat e chist 
char ac ter 
chrys o lite 
hep tar chy 
mach in ate 
or ches tra 
sac clia rine 
se pnl' cliral 
cha lyb e ate 
cM rur' ge ry 
psy chol o gy 



bac' cha nal 
cat e chu'men 
chron'i cle 
eu cha rist 
hi erar'chy 
mech/an ism 
pa tri arch 
syn chro nisui 
chi me' ra 
cha me le on 
syn ec do che 
chro nol o gy 



cat' e chism 
cham o mile 
chrys a lis 
harp si chord 
lach ry mal 
mich ael mas 
pen ta tench 
hem is tich 
chro mat' ic 
chi mer i cal 
ar chi pel 7 a go 
me temp sy cho'sis 



Words in which wli is pronounced as though it 
were written hw. 



whole 


wharf 


what 


wheat 


wheel 


when 


where 


wheeze 


whey 


while 


which 


whelp 


white 


whim 


whip 


wher'ry 


whist 


whisk 


whis per 


whis' tie 


wheth' er 


whith er 


whim sy 


whirl pool 


whee die 


whim per 


where with' 


where as' 


whip stich 


whey' ey 


whirl' wind 


wher ev' er 


whirl i gig 


what ev' er 


wharf ing er 


whim si cally 


whit' sun tide 


whip graft 


whip pie tree 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 95 



EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

The lamb bleats. His limbs were benumbed. They climb. Ani- 
mals are dumb. The redoubt was taken. The debt was paid by 
the debtor. A subtle argument. The victualer was arraigned after 
his indictment. The paper was signed by the ensign. The cam- 
paign closed in the reign of the late sovereign. The yacht sailed. 
He had a knack at rhyme. 

Bricks are burned in a kiln. The boy could not untie the knot. 
Almonds are often bitter. The sea was calm. A balmy breeze. 
The salmon was caught. The halsers broke. Autumn is a solemn 
season. The knob was knocked off. Chalk was found on the cliff. 
Raspberries were found on the island. 

The freighted ship arrived in eight days. Dogs delight to fight. 
The thief was caught in the night. Rheumatism is a severe disease. 
The daughter suffered from a hemorrhage of the lungs. Rhubarb 
is a medicinal plant. The Russian knout. A knuckle of veal. The 
knave carried his knapsack. 

A league was formed against him. The intrigue was discovered. 
He was exhausted with fatigue. The queen prorogued the parlia- 
ment. A catalogue of books was found in the synagogue. The 
choristers sang a chorus at Christmas. A weak stomach. The 
monarch found a conch on the shore. Chalybeate springs. The 
chameleon is always changing. 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Apothegm, poignant, yacht, schism, seignior, mnemonic, falcon, 
ptarmigan, mistletoe, mortgage, demesne, dishabille, gherkin, diar- 
rhoea, inveigh, catarrh, rheum, rhinoceros, lachrymal, saccharine, 
michaelmas, tetrarch, psychology, chromatic, archipelago, arche- 
type, schedule, pentateuch, synchronism, chirurgery chrysolite, 
eucharist, machinate, bacchanal, anchoret. 



96 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



Words iii which pli has the sound of /. 



phase 


phrase 


sphere 


sphinx 


sylph 


lymph 


nymph 


pha' lanx 


phan' torn 


ser' aph 


cam phor 


ci pher 


ca liph 


dan phin 


dol phin 


hy phen 


phe nix 


pam phlet 


proph et 


soph ist 


soph ism 


si phon 


phos phor 


sul phnr 


tri nmph 


sap phire 


sam phire 


zeph yr 


tro phy 


sphe roid 


sul phate 


or phan 


phil ter 


dol phin 


ca liph 


bias phe my 


aph' o rism 


al' pha bet 


cen' o taph 


aph o ny 


di a graph 


el e phant 


at nios phere 


em pha sis 


hem i sphere 


ep i taph 


eu pho ny 


met a phor 


lith o graph 


tel e graph 


par a phrase 


ne o phyte 


oph thai' my 


soph o more 


par a graph 


plios' pho rus 


zo o phyte 


syc o phant 


sym pho ny 


phar ma cy 


por phy ry 


bias phe mous 


a pos' tro phe 


a poc'ry pha 


am phib' i ous 


pe riph er y 


ca tas tro phe 


e phem e ral 


phy lac ter y 


sar coph a gus 


phle bot o my 


di aph a nous 


e piph a ny 


phe nom e na 


met a phys' ic 


phys i og' no my 


hy dro pho' bia 


pam phlet eer' 


phar ma ceu ti cal 


phar i sa i cal 


sym pho' ni on 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Words in which g is hard before e, % and y. 



gear 


get 


geese 


geld 


geld' ing 


tar' get 


an' ger 


fin ger 


au ger 


ea ger 


dag ger 


dan ger 


stag ger 


rag ged 


crag ged 


drug gist 


gib bous 


foggy 


girt 


gift 


gild 


gills 


gimp 


gini' let 


gin g' ham 


gir' die 


gig gle 


ti ger 


trig ger 


wag gish 


giz zard 


fog gy 


mug gy 


gid dy 


dreg gy 


wag ger y 



Words in which x has the sound of gz. 



ex cite' 


ex ist' 


ex act' 


ex alt 


ex empt 


ex ist ■ 


ex nit 


ex hau st 


ex hort 


ex hale 


ex ot'ic 


ex ac'tion 


ex act' ly 


ex am ine 


ex am pie 


ex em plar 


ex ec u tive 


ex ec u tor 


ex or bi tant 


ex or di um 


ex on e rate 


ex ag ge rate 


ex hil a rate 


ex u ber ant 


lux u ri ous 


lux u ri ant 


aux il iar f 



Obs. — z has the sound of gz when the following syllable begins 
with a vowel sound, and is accented. 



98 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Words in which sc in the same syllable, and 
followed by e, i, or y, has the sound of s. 



scene 




scent 


scythe 


sci' ence 




sci at' ic 


sci' o list 


scis sile 




scis' sors 


scis sure 


see ne ry 




scin' til late 


scil i cet 


de scend' 




de scent' 


re scind' 


ob scind 




ab scis'sion 


re scis' sion 


tran scend' 


ent 


con de scend' 


tran seen den' tal 



Words in which c following sin a separate syl- 
lable, has the sound of s before e, i, or y. 



mus' cle 


vis' cid 


cres' cent 


fas cin ate 


vis ce ra 


sus citate_ 


as cet'ic 


ex cres' cence 


pu tres' cence 


qui es cence 


pro bos cis 


las civ i ous 


e vis' eer ate 


i ras ci ble 


sus cep ti ble 


ad o les' cence 


\ ef fer ves' cence 


rem i nis' cence 


Words in 


which qu has the sound of hw. 


quail 


quaint 


quake 


qua' ver 


quar' rel 


quan' ti ty 


quar ry 


ques tion 


quick en 


con quest 


ban quet 


in quest 


se quel 


mar quis 


quo rum 


re quest' 


ac quit' 


ac quire' 


e quip 


re quite 


re quire 


liq' uid 


quix of ic 


fre quent 


aq ue duct 


eq' ui page 


eq' ui ty 


aq ui line 


liq ue fy 


req ui site 


liq uid ate 


liq ua ble 


qui es'cent 


in iq' ui ty 


an tiq'ui ty 


ob liq ui ty 


\x biq ui ty 


u biq ui tous 


u biq ui ta ry 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 99 

Words in which qu has the sound of h. 

con' quer liq' uor liq' uor ice 

piq uant pi quet' co quet' ry 

qua drille' et i quette co quette 

par o quet mas quer ade pal an quin 

Words in which geous and gious have the sound 
of jus, as in justice. 

gor' geous cour a' geous out ra' geous 

um bra' geous ad van ta' geous ir re lig' ious 

re lig ious li tig' ious con ta gious 

e gre gious sac ri le' geous pro dig ious 

Words in which geon has the sound of jun 9 as 
in junto. 

pig' eon dun' geon sur' geon 

stur geon wid geon gud geon 

blud geon bour geon clii rur' geon 

In the following words, clieon is sounded cliun. 
lun' clieon pun' cheon es cut' cheon 

Words in which s has the sound of sli. 

sure sure' ty sure' ly 

su' gar su mac cen sure 

ton sure pres' sure cas sia 

sen su al in sure' as sure' 

as sur' ance in sur' ance cy' no sure 



100 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Words in which ch has the sound of A as in 



chaise 
trim' cheon 
cha made' 
chat' eau 
inus tache' 
cham paign 
chan de lier 
chiv' al ry 
mar chion ess 
ma chin' er y 



sliine. 

cha grin' 
stan' chion 
chap eau 
chas se las 
ga loche' 
cham pagne 
chev a lier 
chiv' al rous 
par a chute' 
av a lanche 



cha rade' 
ma chine 
chas seur 
char' la tan . 
chi cane' 
chi can' e ry 
sen' es chal 
de bau chee' 
non cha lance 
chif fon ier 



Words in which cJi has the sound of tsh, 

chain 
charm 
check 
chess 
chick ' en 
chain ber 
chal lenge 
chev er il 
char i ot 
cham pi on 
choc o late 
choice ness 
check mate 
cham ber lain 



chaff 


chafe 


chair 


chase 


chart 


chat 


cheese 


cheer 


cher' ry 


cher' ub 


chan nel 


chal ice 


chap let 


chim ney 


chief tain 


child hood 


chat tel 


char coal 


char i ty 


cher u bim 


chit chat 


chin chil'la 


churl ish 


chin' cough 


chick weed 


chick en 


chan eel lor 


chan ce ry 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 101 

EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

The nymph had the form of a sylph. A noble sphere of action. 
An invincible phalanx. An emphatic phrase. A gentle zephyr. 
The Hebrew alphabet. A striking metaphor. An orphan child. 
The sulphate of zinc. A short paragraph. News was received by 
telegraph. The atmosphere is composed of nitrogen and oxygen. 
Apochryphal books. The Pharisees carried phylacteries. Ephemeral 
productions. An ephod is a priestly garment. 

Give me a gimlet. Gird on your armor. A waggish fellow. 
Foggy weather. A modest man does not exalt himself. An exotic 
plant. A bright example. An auxiliary verb. An exuberant 
fancy. An exorbitant demand. 

Grain is cut with a scythe. Sciatic pains. The science of arith- 
metic. Mountainous scenery. Transcendent genius. The pro- 
boscis of the elephant. Turpentine and gum are viscid. Putrescent 
odoi\ A heart susceptible of love. An interesting reminiscence. 

Strong liquor was drunk at the banquet. The debt was liquidated. 
Frequent reviews are requisite to sound scholarship. An inquest 
was held. Splendid equipage. An ubiquitous person. An aquiline 
nose. Marquis, a title of nobility next below that of a duke. Moral 
obliquity. A gorgeous palace. An outrageous deed. An egregious 
blunder. A contagious disease. Escutcheon, the shield of a family. 
The house and furniture were insured. Complex machinery. Charade, 
a kind of riddle. Truncheon, a short staff. An avalanche of snow 
fell from the mountain. 



EXERCISE FOR REVIEW. 

Zoophyte, caliph, philter, sapphire, porphyry, ephemeral, sphinx, 
symphony, apocrypha, epiphany, blasphemy, ophthalmy, phospho- 
rus, exaggerate, gibbous, exhaust, exhilarate, liquidate, piquant, 
etiquette, palanquin, liquorice, prodigious, sturgeon, chirurgeon, 
puncheon, cjmosure, parachute, nonchalance, debauchee, mustache, 
stanchion, charlatan, chicanery. 

9* 



102 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



A collection of difficult words not included 
in the preceding classifications, alphabetically 



arranged : 






ache 


a' chor 


se'.gis 


ac' me 


al oes 


a byss' 


a droit' 


a bridge' 


ab sterge 


audi' or 


as suage 


ab struse 


a pron 


ath'lete 


ag grieve 


a dept' 


a vouch' 


a thwart 


as say 


a,c quire 


ax' i om 


ac quaint 


a re' na 


ar chives' 


ad'y turn 


al though' 


all' spice 


af freight' 


93 ne'id 


al' ma nae 


ab'ba cy 


af fright' 


a e ry 


a ca' cia 


alb' di cate 


a ri es 


ac' e tate 


a pet' a lous 


ab er' ranee 


ac o nite 


a bey ance 


ab nor mal 


a cros' tic 


ab' ro gate 


ab' so lute 


an cho vy 


ab sti nence 


as ymp tote 


a lys sum 


a cous' tic 


a but' ment 


an' eu rism 


and' i ron 


as phyx' ia 


an ces try 


am ba ges 


ac com plice 


ap o gee 


an noy' ance 


a phyl lous 


ap ro pos 


ap'o logue 


am' ber gris 


am e thyst 


as sue tude 


an thra cite 


am a teur' 


ap a thy 


ap pan age 


a ver' sion 


al pac' a 


an o dyne 


al' u mine 


a droit ness 


ag a pe 


ad meas'ure 


al' co hoi 


ad vow ee' 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



103 



as sas'sin 


a nial' gam 


al' ge bra 


a sy luni 


ad mix ture 


ad i pose 


ac qui esce' 


as sign ee' 


ad i po cere 


a myg'da loid 


at tor' ney 


as ter oid 


ag' gre gate 


al gua zil' 


ar che type 


al lo path' ic ■ 


az' i muth 


ar a besque' 


a nal' y sis 


a nal' o gous 


am phib' i ous 


an tip a thy 


ap' o plex y 


a pod o sis 


a poc ry pha 


a non' y inous 


an tith e sis 


ac' cu ra cy 


a' er o naut 


a ceph a lous 


ac eel' er ate 


am a ryl' lis 


a rith me tic 


a pliaer' e sis 


ac ro mat ic 


ab o rig' in es 


a neni o ne 


a pos' tro phize 


ath e ne urn 


ap o the' o sis 


am phyc ty on'ic 


an nex a tion 


barge 


brogue 


brooch 


baclg' er 


beeves 


bail' iff 


ban nocli 


bac' chus 


be lieve' 


be guile' 


be grudge' 


bi zarre 


bom' byx 


be siege 


build' er 


bur lesque' 


budg' et 


bar ren 


bu' reau 


burg lar 


ba zaar' 


bou quet' 


ban quet 


bou doir 


busi' ness 


bas tile' 


buoy' ant 


bul wark 


bru nette 


brec cia 


bal co ny 


bre vier 


bam boo 


bag a telle' 


bar' gain 


bour geois' 


bi tu' men 


bach el or 


ba rouche 


bal' us ter 


bay o net 


ben zo in 


bron chi' tis 


ba na' na 


ban dit' ti 


big' a my 


bron' chi al 


bot' a ny 



104 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



bat' ter y 


ben' e fice 


ben'i son 


bar ber ry 


bar o net 


ben e fit 


ba ril' la 


burg la ry 


bar be cue 


bul' le tin 


buf fa lo 


be hav' ior 


brig an tine 


bi quad' rate 


be he moth 


ba ry' tes 


bar' ra ty 


biv'ou ac 


blas'phe mous 


ba rom' e ter 


bac cha na' li an 


cache 


chyme 


chyle 


cinque 


clique 


choir 


ca boose' ' 


ca bal' 


caf e 


cai'tiff 


calk' er 


cal cine' 


ca noe' 


chain ois 


car' at 


chas seur 


chlo' rine 


* cinque' foil 


con ge 


co bait 


coam ings 


cray' on 


crev ice 


co quette' 


cuer po 


cal lous 


cor vette 


crotch' et 


con geal' 


ehy' lous 


cli max 


ca price 


col league 


cou teau' 


cur' ri cle 


col lege 


ca reen 


ere vasse' 


ere o sote 


cse su' ra 


ce phal' ic 


cam' phene 


clyp' e ate 


cal' um ny 


cal o type 


cal va ry 


cap u chin' 


cal u met 


cam e o 


cath' e ter 


eel e brate 


co coa nut 


chap ar ral 


chev er il 


cat a clysm 


car ti lege 


col lo quy 


col o phon 


cic a trice 


cog ni sance 


con nois seur' 


choc o late 


coch in eal 


col on nade 


cal is then' ics • 


eau li flow er 


col lyr' ium 


col' o cynth 


com pas ses 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



105 



cat a lyp r tic 
coin' mis sa ry 
cap il la ry 
chiv al ric 
cot y le / don 

drudge 
douche 
dah' lia 
dos sil 
dau phin 
de bris' 
dac' tyl 
de fraud' 
de tour 
dis guise 
di a be' tes 
dis seize' 
dim 7 is so ry 
di lem' ma 
dy nam ics 

ea' gle 
e lapse' 
em'e raid 
en fi lade' 
e o r lian 
ep' i sode 
ep au let 
in dig' e nous 
eq'ui page 
e piph' y sis 



ca coph' o ny 
cos mop o lite 
car'bu ret ed 
clep' sy dra 
cy clo' pe an 

dredge 
depth 
dai' ry 
dis'taff 
de bauch' 
de fault 
del'toid 
de voir' 
dis suade 
di £e' re sis 
di o ra'ma 
dys' en ter y 
dul ci mer 
dis ha bille' 
dy'nas tj 

ech'o 
e merge' 
en clit' ic 
ep' i phyte 
en gorge' 
e lys'ian 
e lys i urn 
ep' i gene 
ef fer vesce' 
er y sip' e las 



cac o e' thes 
can thar' i des 
eel' an dine 
cor du roy 
cyl in der 

dwarf 

dregs 

daph' ne 

de but' 

de file 

del' uge 

di a mond 

dal' li ance 

di ach'y ion 

di shev' el 

di ath e sis 

di e tet' ics 

dys' pho ny 

dis em bogue' 

da guerre' o type 

eye' let 
em bry o 
en deic'tic 
en sconce' 
eu pep' tic 
em pyr e al 
ep i glot'tis 
f es'pi o nage 
ex qui site 
eu lo gist 



06 THE 


COMPLETE 


SPELLER. 


ex e ge' sis 


ex r e quies 


ep i thai' mi um 


et y inol o gy 


ex or' di um 


eu r pho ny 


eu' phu misni 


eu' phe inism 


eu charist 


ec ceii' trie 


ex ag r ge rate 


em py re r an 


e lee mos' y na i 


y ex hil a rate 


en cyc r li cal 


fal' chion 


fos' sil 


fief 


feu dal 


flac cid 


fac' ile 


flaunt 


feath er 


fa tigue' 


flam' beau 


fraught 


far' lough 


fi nesse' 


fa cade' 


fra cas 


fran' chise 


freight 


fide as see' 


fres co 


fus' tian 


fel luc' ca 


fo li age 


for ceps 


fol'licle 


gneiss 


guy 


gulch 


gyre 


gybe 


gorge 


guise 


gaug'er 


gyp' sum 


gouge 


gyves 


gam boge 


guit ar' 


guin' ea 


gim let 


guile less 


gaunt let 


gour mand 


gam brel 


gey ser 


guil lo tine 


gi rafiV 


glot tis 


gos' sa mer 


ga loche 


gyp sy 


gon do lier' 


gym nas' tic 


gro tesque' 


gua ia cum 


hei'nous 


he' lix 


hir' sute 


hy phen 


hys sop 


haugh ty 


hatch et 


hatch el 


haw thorn 


ha rangue' 


holm 


hy dro gen 


hal' i but 


horn' i ny 


hy a cinth 


hor o scope 


hy drau r lie 


hel le bore 


hal cy on 


hab' i tate 


hyp o gene 


hep tarch y 


hoi o canst 


hen di' a dys 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



107 



hem' or rhage 


hem' or rhoids 


lief e ro elite 


hip po dronie' 


hy clro path' ic 


het e ro ge' neous 


hyp po cen' taur 


ho me op' a thy 


hy dro pho' bia 


hem i pie gy 


harp' si chord 


hyp' o crite 


ho moph' o nous 


hyp o chon' dri ac 


hu gue not 


i' chor 


id' i om 


id'i o cy 


i ron y 


i vo ry 


im merge' 


im merse' 


in diet' ment 


i' ci cle 


in tro' it 


im' be cile 


isth' mus 


i con o clast 


i do' ne ous 


ich neu' mon 


ir' ri gate 


i sosc e les 


is' o late 


i so ther' mal 


ir rig u ous 


ich thy oid 


in ter' ca la ry 


in tu nies' cence 


ip e cac u an' ha 


in flam ma'tion 


id i o syn' era sy 


in vei' gle 


i de ol' o gy 


in noc' u ous 


in flu en' za 


in del' li ble 


in can des' cence 


in fal' li ble 


in oc u late 


in ef fa ble 


in el i gi ble 


in no cence 


in el e gant 


in tel li gi ble 


jeop' ard ize 


jeal' ous y 


jour'ney man 


jac quard 


jar go nelle' 


jave lin 


je June' 


ju' bi lee 


jal ap 


jeop' ar dy 


jag u ar' 


jaun dice 


je ho' vah 


jui' ci ness 


jew el er 


kedge 


kiln' dry 


ker' nel 


knight' hood 


ky an ize 


krem lin 


ka leid' o scope 


ka ty did 


kid nap ped 


ledge 


league 


Ian' guage 


lam' prey 


Ian' guid 


Ian guor 





108 THE 


COMPLETE SPELLER. 




lar'ynx 


latch' et 


liq' uor 




liq uid 


loz enge 


land scape 


lin guist 


laun dry 


let tuce 


lo bel' ia 


liq' uid ate 


lau re ate 


ly ce um 


lance o late 


lab y rinth 


lyin phat' ic 


lix iv i ate 


li thot' o my 


lieu ten ant 


le vi' a than 


log' a rithm 


lach'ry mal 


laud' a num 


liq uo rish 


ma caw' 


mo' gul 


mo' loch 


mack' er el 


mi cro cosm 


ma dei'ra 


mag uey 


mor ceau 


mo raine' 


me ri' no 


malm sey 


mach' in ate 


mac a ro ' ni 


mac co boy 


min ia ture 


mis r tie toe 


mor phine 


me ton' y my 


raich ael mas 


mo lyb de' num 


mol lus cous 


min o taur 


mu ez' zin 


mne mon ics 


myrmi don 


mag ne sia 


mar su' pi al 


macli ia vel' ian me nag' e rie 


mau so le um 


met' al lur gj 


man' tua ma her 


me tath' e sis 


na' iad 


ne' re id 


nick' el 


na ia des 


nug get 


no yau 


nude us 


nom i nee' 


nan sea 


ne o phyte 


neu ral' gia 


ne phrit' ic 


nun ne ry 


ni'tro gen 


ne crop o lis 


non pa reil' 


nui sance 


nymph e' an 


nes'cience 


neu rot' ic 


nee' es sa ry 


ne pen' the 


ne crop o lis 


naph tha 


o' a sis 


o' gre 


o'nyx 


or gies 


om e let 


o de' on 




o bei' sauce 


or de al 


ox al ic 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



109 



on' slaught 


or' re ry 


or' ge at 


ox y tone 


ox y dize 


ox y gen 


oc ci put 


o le ag'in ous 


o lym' piad 


or clies tra 


or tho'e py 


ob' se quies 


ob liq' ui ty 


os' tra cism 


or ni thol' o gy 


py ri' tes 


puis' ne 


pon toon' 


plain' tiff 


par tridge 


prai' rie 


par terre' 


par a clete 


pulque 


porce' lain 


pneu mon' ics 


par a chute' 


pol y glot 


por' phy ry 


pneu mat' ics 


pie ia des 


pen ta teuch 


piqu'an cy 


pe tro' le urn 


pty al ism 


pyr.a mid 


psy chol o gy 


py ro tech' nic 


pru ri en cy 


pseu dol o gy 


pa ren' the sis 


pu is sant 


par' ox ysm 


pe riph ra sis 


par a pher na' lia 


pad u a soy 


ptar' mi gan 


phar ma ceu'ti cal 


qua' haug 


quad rille' 


quoits 


quack ery 


quas' sia 


quartz 


quar an tine' 


quoif fure 


quix' ot ism 


qui es' cence 


quin tes' ence 


quit tance 


ra' dius 


ra gout' 


ranch' o 


re ginie' 


rave' lin 


re ga' lia 


rein' deer 


rejoice' 


res' cue 


rey nard 


rec ol leet' 


rheu my 


re trieve' 


rheu mat' ic 


rhym er 


rho do den' droc 


re plev in 


ro sette' 


res tau' ra teur 


rasp' ber ry 


ret' i cule 


res er voir' 


ro man esque' 


re lie vo 


se' ries 


si' phon 


sir' loin 


sylph 


sword 


syr inge 



10 



110 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



scir' rhus 


sched' ule 


sin' ew 


scheme 


schism 


sward 


sa' chein 


sal' ad 


sa' tyr 


slioul der 


sap phire 


smoul der 


syc' o pliant 


syl lo gism 


sur plice 


syn o nym 


steth o scope 


sjz y gj 


sen es chal 


sas sa fras 


syn op' sis 


sper ma ce' ti 


seign ior' age 


sib' yl line 


sur'cin gle 


ser vice a ble 


sur feit ed 


tariff' 


thills 


tis sues 


twelfth 


thwart 


tap' es try 


tierce 


throng 


trel lis 


trav' es ty 


treil' lage 


thral dom 


tra chyte 


tar pan' lin 


ty pog' ra phy 


tra che a 


tri dac ty lous 


trit' u rate 


tri clin' i urn 


trou' ba dour 


ter gi ver sa' tion 


tour 7 rna lin 


tris yl la ble 


tee to'tal ism 


u nique' 


ur' chin 


u' rim 


u biq' ui ty 


us u ry 


u ve ous 


u' tri cle 


u to' pia 


us que baugh' 


vac' cine 


vague 


van dyke' 


va ri o loid 


vie' tuals 


viz'ier 


wid' geon 


wedge 


wee' vil 


wher ry 


wiz' ard 


wrin kle 


yeo' man ry 


y clep'ed 


yearn' ing 


zeph' yr 


zo' o phyte 


ze' nith 


zeug ma 


zo di ac 


zo ol o gy 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Ill 



Words pronounced exactly alike, but spelled 
differently. 



adds, does add, joins, 
adze, a kind of axe. 
ale, a strong beer. 
ail, to feel pain, 
all, the whole, 
awl, a sharp instrument, 
ant, an insect, 
aunt, a relation, 
ascent, steepness, 
assent, agreement, 
aught, any thing, 
ought, obliged by duty, 
anchor, an iron instrument 

for holding a ship, 
anker, a liquid measure. 

bald, without hair. 

bawled, did bawl. 

bad, ill. 

bade, did bid. 

baize, a kind of cloth. 

bays, pi. of bay, a garland. 

bear, an 'animal. 

bare, naked. 

bay, a part of the ocean. 

bey, a Turkish officer. 

be, to exist. 

bee, an insect. 



air, the atmosphere. 

ere, before. 

e'er, ever. 

heir, one who inherits. 

altar, a place for sacrifice. 

alter, to change. 

arc, a part of a circle. 

ark, a vessel, a chest. 

ate, did eat. 

eight, twice four. 

auger, an instrument. 

augur, one who foretells. 

aisle, a passage in a church. 

isle, an island. 

I'll, I will. 

ball, a round body. 

bawl, to cry out. 

bail, surety. 

bale, a pack of goods. 

bait, a lure for fishes. 

bate, to lessen. 

base, low, vile. 

bass, a part in music. 

beach, the shore. 

beech, a kind of tree. 

beat, to strike. 

beet, a kind of vegetable. 



112 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



beer, malt liquor. 

bier, a frame for carrying 

the dead, 
been, existed, 
bin, a box. 

bight, a coil of rope, a bay. 
bite, to seize with the teeth, 
bold, brave, 
bowled, did bowl, 
bole, a kind of clay, a stem 

of a tree, 
boll, a seed vessel, 
bowl, a vessel to hold liquids, 
bourn, a limit, 
borne, carried, 
bow, an instrument to shoot 

with, 
beau, a man of dress, 
break, to sever by force, 
brake, a thicket, an instrument 
bread, food made of flour, 
bred, brought up. 
brews, does brew, 
bruise, to crush, 
burrow, rabbit-hole, 
borough, a corporate town, 
by, near by. 
buy, to purchase. 

calendar, a register, 
calender, an instrument. 



bell, a hollow sounding ves- 
sel. 

belle, a gay young lady. 

berth, a sleeping place in a 
ship. 

birth, coming into life. 

blue, a color. 

blew, did blow. 

bolder, more bold. 

boulder, a rounded mass of 
rock. 

boar, the male of swine.. 

bore, to make holes. 

bow, to bend or stoop. 

bough, a branch of a tree. 

braid, to weave. 

brayed, did bray. 

breach, a gap. 

breech, the stock of fire- 
arms, 

broach, a spit ; to pierce. 

brooch, an ornamental pin. 

bruit, a report, a noise. 

brute, a beast. 

but, except. 

butt, a cask ; a mark. 

bury, to cover with earth. 

berry, a kind of fruit. 

cannon, a great gun. 
canon, a rule or law. - 



THE COMPLETE S P E L L E E 



113 



call, to name. 

caul, a kind of net- work. 

cast, to throw. 

caste, a race, tribe. 

cede, to yield. 

seed, to sow, to scatter. 

ceiling, the covering of a 
room. 

sealing, as with wax. 

cellar, a place under ground. 

seller, one who sells. 

cere, to cover with wax. 

sear, to burn, dry, withered. 

seer, a prophet. 

cession, a giving up. 

session, a sitting. 

cite, to summon. 

site, situation. 

sight, seeing. 

coarse, not fine. 

course, way, career. 

cousin, a relation. 

cozen, to cheat. 

creak, a harsh sound. 

creek, a small stream. 

council, an assembly, 

counsel, advice. 

corps, a body of troops. 

core, the heart or inner part. 

compliment, respect, regard. 

complement, fulness, com- 
pletion. 
10* 



cane, a reed. 

Cain, a man's name. 

canvas, a kind of coarse 

cloth, 
canvass, to discuss, 
ceil, to cover the top of a room, 
seal, a sea animal, a stamp, 
seal, to mark with a stamp, 
cell, a small room, 
sell, to part with for a price, 
cent, a copper coin, 
sent, did send, 
scent, an odor, a smell, 
chaste, pure. 

chased, did chase, pursued, 
clause, part of a sentence, 
claws, the nails of a beast, 
clime, region, climate, 
climb, to ascend, to mount, 
cord, a small rope, 
chord, the string of an in- 
strument, 
crewel, worsted, 
cruel, inhuman, savage. 
cygnet, a young swan, 
signet, a seal, 
cote, a pen, a fold, 
coat, an outer garment, 
choler, anger, wrath, 
collar, for the neck, 
crews, ship's company, 
cruise, to sail up and down. 
H 



114 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



Dane, a native of Denmark, 
deign, to condescend, 
dear, costly. 
deer, an animal, 
dew, vapor, 
due, owing, 
doe, the female deer, 
dough, unbaked paste, 
dram, a glass of spirits, 
drachm, a small weight, 
dust, dried earth, 
dost, thou doest. 

Ernest, a man's name, 
earnest, zealous, 
earn, to gain. 
urn, a kind of vase* 

fane, a temple. 

fain, gladly. 

feign, to pretend. 

fate, destiny. 

fete, a festival. 

faun, a sylvan deity. 

fawn; a young deer. 

flee, to run away. 

flea, an insect. 

fine, not coarse ; a penalty. 

find, to discover what is lost. 

flew, did fly. 

flue, a passage for smoke. 



day, time from sunrise to 

sunset. 
Dey, a governor of Algiers, 
die, to expire, 
dye, to color, 
dire, fearful, 
dyer, one who dies, 
draft, a Id ill of exchange, 
draught, a drawing, a drink, 
dun, a dark color, 
done, performed, 
doze, to slumber, 
does, plural of do. 

ewe, a female sheep, 
you, the person spoken to. 
yew, a kind of tree, 
eye, the organ of sight. 
I, myself, 

fir, a kind of tree. 

fur, fine soft hair. 

faint, weak, languid. 

feint, a pretense. 

fair, clear. 

fare, food ; cost of passage. 

feet, plural of foot. 

feat, an exploit. 

fillip, a blow with the finger. 

Philip, a man's name. 

filter, to strain. 

philter, a love charm. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



115 



floe,, a large piece of ice. 

flow, a stream of water. 

fort, a fortress, a strong- 
place. 

forte, that iu which one 
excels. 

forth, forward. 

fourth, the next after the 
third. 

frays, quarrels. 

phrase, a short sentence. 

gage, to pledge. 

gauge, to measure. 

gate, a door or entrance. 

gait, manner of walking. 

gilt, adorned with gold. 

guilt, crime. 

great, large, vast. 

grate, a range of bars. 

grease, soft fat. 

Greece, the name of a coun- 
try. 

groan, to sigh deeply. 

grown, increased in growth. 

hale, sound, healthy, 
hail, frozen rain, 
hall, a large room, 
haul, to drag by force, 
hay, dried grass. 
hey, a word of joy. 



flour, the fine part of ground 

wheat. 
flower, a blossom, 
fore, before. 
four, twice two. 
foul, impure, 
fowl, a bird, 
freeze, to become ice. 
frieze, a kind of cloth, 
furs, skins with soft hair, 
furze, prickly shrubs, 
gall, bile. 

Gaul, ancient name of France, 
gild, to overlay with gold, 
guild, a corporation, 
gloze, to flatter, to wheedle, 
glows, to shine with intense 

heat, 
greater, larger, more vast, 
grater, a rough instrument to 

grate with, 
grieves, laments, 
greaves, armoi ,N for the legs, 
guest, a visiter, 
guessed, did guess, conjecture, 
hare, an animal, 
hair, of the head, 
hart, a male deer, 
heart, the vital part, the core. 
heal, to cure, 
heel, a part of the foot. 



116 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



hear, to hearken, 
here, in this place, 
hew, to cut. 
hue, a color. 
Hugh, a man's name. 
him, objective case of he. 
hymn, a sacred song, 
hire, wages, 
higher, more high. 
hoe, a farming tool. 
ho, a word to excite attention. 
hole, a hollow place, 
whole, all. 

hoop, a ring, anything cir- 
. cular. 
whoop, to make a noise. 



heard, did hear. 

herd, a collection of cattle. 

hie, to haste. 

high, lofty. 

hied, made haste. 

hide, to conceal. 

Hyde, a man's name. 

hoard, to lay up. 

horde, a tribe. 

hoes, plural of hoe. 

hose, stockings. 

holy, sacred. 

wholly, entirely, 

hour, sixty minutes. 

our, belonging to us. 



in, within. 

inn, a public house. 



indite, to compose, 
indict, to accuse. 



jam, a conserve of fruit, 
jamb, a side-piece of a chim- 
ney, 
kill, to take life, to destroy. 
kiln, an oven to bake brick, 
knead, to work dough, 
need, want. 
kneed, having knees, 
knight, a title of honor, 
night, time of darkness. 



key, for a lock, 
quay, a wharf, or dock, 
knave, a wicked person, 
nave, hub of a wheel, 
knew, did know, 
new, recent, not old. 
knows, understands, 
nose, a part of the face, 
knot, a tie. 
not, a word of denial. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



117 



lac, a kind of gum. 

lack, to want, to need. 

laid, placed, deposited. 

lade, to load. 

leaf, of a tree, a book. 

lief, willingly. 

lee, the sheltered side. 

lea, a meadow, a field. 

lead, soft metal. 

led, did lead. 

lesson, a task. 

lessen, to make less. 

lie, to deceive. 

lye, water passed through 

ashes. 
links, parts of a chain, 
lynx, an animal of the cat 

kind, 
lock — lough, a lake, 
lock, to fasten a door. 



lax, loose, vague. 
lacks, wants, needs, 
lane, a narrow passage, 
lain, did lie. 
lapse, to glide, 
laps, plural of lap ; wicks, 
leak, to run out. 
leek, a kind of onion, 
lean, thin, meagre, 
lien, a legal claim, 
levy, to raise, to collect, 
levee, a bank or causeway, 
limb, a part of the body, 
limn, to draw or paint, 
lone, solitary, 
loan, anything lent, 
lo, behold, 
low, not high, 
lore, learning, 
lower, more low. 



maid, a maiden, 
made, finished, 
main, chief, 
mane, hair on a horse. 



mail, armor, 
male, masculine, 
manner, form, 
manor, district. 



mantel, part of a chimney- mark, a sign. 

piece. marque, a privateering com- 
mantle, a cloak. mission, 

martial, warlike. maize, Indian corn, 

marshal, to put in order. maze, a winding path. 



118 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



mead, drink, 
meed, reward, 
meet, fit, proper, 
mete, to measure, 
mite, a small insect, 
might, strength, power, 
moan, to lament, 
mown, cut down, 
mode, way, manner, 
mowed, cut down, 
mule, a kind of ass. 
mewl, to cry as a child, 
mucus, slimy liquid, 
mucous, relating to mucus. 



mean, dishonorable, 
mien, appearance, 
minor, one under age. 
miner, a worker in mines, 
mist, fine rain, 
missed, did miss. 
mity, full of mites, 
mighty, powerful, 
mote, a small particle, 
moat, a ditch, 
more, a greater quantity, 
mower, one who mows, 
muse, to meditate, 
mews, cages or enclosures. 



nap, a short sleep. nay, no. 

knap, a small protuberance, neigh, as a horse. 

nice, delicate, fine. nit, egg of a louse. 

gneiss, a kind of minera knit, to unite. 

none, no one. nave, a part of a wheel. 

nun, a religious woman. knave, a rogue. 



oar, for rowing. 
ore, unrefined metal, 
o'er, over, 
owe, to be bound, 
oh, alas. 

pail, a wooden vessel. 
pale, not bright. 
pair, a couple, 
pare, to cut thin. 



ode, a poem, 
owed, indebted, 
one, a single thing, 
won, gained. 



pane, a square of glass, 
pain, uneasiness, 
pallet, a small bed. 
palette, a painter's board. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



119 



pear, a kind of fruit, 
pannel, a kind of saddle, 
panel, a jury roll, 
peace, quiet, rest, 
piece, a part, 
peel, rind or skin, 
peal, a ring of bells, 
pencil, for writing, 
pensile, hanging, 
plate, a dish. 
plait, to fold, 
plum, a fruit, 

plumb, a levelling instru- 
ment, 
port, a harbor. 
Porte, a Turkish court. 
pray, to ask. 
prey, plunder, 



Paul, a man's name. 

pall, a covering. 

pause, to stop. 

paws, feet of a beast. 

peak, the top. 

pique, to give offence. 

peer, a nobleman. 

pier, a mole. 

plain, smooth. 

plane, a surface, a tool. 

please, to give pleasure. 

pleas, pleadings. 

pole, a long staff. 

poll, the head. 

pore, to look over intensely, 

pour, to empty out liquor. 

pomace, ground apples. 

pumice, a spongy stone. 



quartz, a kind of mineral, 
quarts, measure. 



quire, 24 sheets of paper, 
choir, a band of sinsrers. 



rack, an engine of torture, 
wrack, name of a sea plant, 
raze, to pull down, 
raise, to lift up. 
rays, beams of light, 
rapt, carried away, 
wrapped, folded up. 
rabbet, a grove, 
rabbit, an animal. 



rain, drops of water, 
reign, to govern, 
rein, a part of a bridle, 
rap, to strike, 
wrap, to roll together, 
red, a color, 
read, did read 
reed, a slender stalk, 
read, to peruse. 



120 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



reck, to heed, 
wreck, destruction. 
rest, quiet, 
wrest, to distort, 
rice, a kind of grain, 
rise, increase, 
rite, ceremony, 
right, not wrong, 
write, to make letters. 
wright, a workman, 
roe, the eggs of a fish, 
row, to impel with oars, 
rose, a flower, 
rows, does row. 
roes, plural of roe. 
ruff, an article of dress, 
rough, uneven, 
rung, did ring, 
wrung, twisted. 

sail, of a ship. 

sale, a selling. 

seen, beheld, 

scene, a view. 

seine, a net. 

seem, to appear. 

seam, the line formed by 

sewing, 
serf, a Russian slave. 
surf, the swell of the sea. 
serge, a kind of cloth, 
surge, to rise, to swell. 



reek, smoke. 

wreak, to execute vengeance. 

retch, to vomit. 

wretch, a miserable person. 

rigor, severity. 

rigger, one who rigs ships. 

rode, did ride. 

road, a way or route. 

rowed, did row. 

room, an apartment. 

rheum, catarrh. 

rude, uncivil. 

rood, a fourth part of an acre. 

rote, a repetition of words. 

wrote, did write. 

rye, a kind of grain. 

wry, crooked. 

roar, to make a loud noise. 

rower, one who rows. 

sane, sound. 

Seine, a river in France. 

scate, a kind of fish. 

skate, an iron shoe to slide on 

the ice. 
see, to behold. 
sea, the salt water, 
sees, beholds. 

seas, large bodies of water, 
seize, to lay hold of. 
sheer, pure, 
shear, to clip. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



121 



side, a part, 
sighed, did sigh, 
slay, to kill. 

sleigh, a vehicle for travel- 
ing on snow, 
sley, a weaver's reed, 
slew, did slay, 
slue, to turn, 
slow, not fast, 
sloe, a kind of fruit, 
sow, to scatter, 
sew, to use a needle, 
so, thus, in this manner, 
stare, to gaze on. 
stair, a step, 
steel, refined iron, 
steal, to rob. 
stile, steps in a field, 
style, manner of writing, 
strait, narrow, 
straight, direct, 
succor, help, 
sucker, a fish, 
sun, the source of light, 
son, a male child, 
sweet, pleasing to the taste, 
suite, retinue, a set of rooms. 

tale, a story, 
tail, end of a thing, 
tare, an allowance in weight. 
tear, to rend. 
11 



sign, a token. 

sine, a line in geometry. 

skull, a part of the head. 

scull, to impel a boat. 

sleeve, a part of a garment. 

sleave, to separate threads. 

slight, to neglect. 

sleight, dexterity. 

sole, alone. . 

soul, the spirit. 

sore, a hurt. 

soar, to mount upward. 

stake, a post. 

steak, a slice of flesh. 

staid, sober, grave. 

stayed, fixed, settled. 

step, a pace. 

steppe, a dreary plain. 

stoop, to bend forward. 

stoup, a basin, a pitcher. 

straighten, to make strait. 

straiten, to make narrow. 

sum, the amount. 

some, a part. 

sutler, one who follows an 

army, 
subtler, more subtle. 

tacks, small nails. 

tax, money paid to government. 

teem, to produce. 

team, a yoke of oxen. 



122 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



tear, water from the eye. 
tier, a row, or rank. 
threw, did throw, 
through, from one side to 

the other, 
throne, the seat of a king, 
thrown, cast, 
time, duration, 
thyme, an herb, 
toe, a part of the foot, 
tow, the coarse part of flax, 
tole, to draw gently, 
toll, a tax. 
tract, a region, 
tracked, traced. 

vale, a valley. 

veil — vail, a covering. 

vane, a weather-cock. 

vain, proud. 

vein, a blood-vessel. 

weighed, balanced. 

wade, to walk in the water. 

wale, a rising part on the 

surface of cloth, 
wail, to lament, 
wait, to tarry, 
weight, heaviness, 
wave, of the sea. 
waive, to set aside, 
waste, to consume. . 



their, belonging to them. 

there, in that place, 

throw, to cast. 

throe, agony. 

tide, rising of the sea. 

tied, bound. 

toad, an animal. 

towed, drawn on the water 

by a rope, 
too, also, 
two, twice one. 
told, did tell, 
toled, drawn gently, 
tolled, rung as a bell, 
trey, three at cards, 
tray, a shallow trough. 

waist, part of the body, 
wether, a sheep, 
weather, state of the air. 
wane, to grow less. 
wain, a wagon, 
ware, merchandise, 
wear, to use. 
way, a road, 
weigh, to balance, 
week, seven days, 
weak, not strong, 
wood, timber, 
would, was willing, 
your, belonging to you. 
ewer, a small pitcher. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



123 



Words nearly similar in sound, but spelled 
differently. 

Abel, a man's name. alms, charity, 

able, sufficient. arms, weapons of war. 

arrear, what remains unpaid, aloud, with a loud voice, 
arriere, the last body of an allowed, did allow, 
army. apprize, to value, 

apprise, to inform. 



boy, a male child, 
buoy, a floating mark, 
barren, sterile, 
baron, a lord, 
bridal, a wedding, 
bridle, for a horse. 



carat, a small weight, 
caret, a mark in writing, 
candid, fair. 

candied, preserved with su- 
gar, 
capitol, a public edifice, 
capital, principal, 
cymbal, musical instrument, 
symbol, a sign, 
color, as black, white, 
caller, one who calls. 

divisor, a term in arithmetic, 
devisor, one who devises. 



board, a flat, thin piece of 

sawed wood, 
bored, did bore, 
brood, offspring, 
brewed, did brew. 
Barbary, a country of Africa, 
barberry, a small wild fruit. 

castor, a kind of oil. 

caster, one who casts. 

current, running. 

currant, a small berry. 

censer, a pan to burn in- 
cense in. 

censor, a corrector of morals. 

counsellor, an adviser. 

councillor, member of a coun- 
cil. 

dire, dreadful, 
dyer, one who dyes. 



124 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



desert, a wilderness. depositary, one with whom 

dessert, fruit served after meat, anything is lodged, 
duel, a combat between two. depository, a place for lodg- 
dual, expressing number two. ing anything. 

emigrate, to remove from eminent, distinguished. 

one's native country. imminent, threatening, 

immigrate, to remove into 

a country. 



find, to discover, 
fined, did fine. 

guest, a visiter, 
guessed, did guess, 
grisly, hideous, 
gristly, made of gristle. 
glacier, a large field of ice. 
glazier, one who glazes win- 
dows. 

idle, lazy, 
idol, an image, 
load, a burden, 
lowed, did low. 

metal, as gold. 

mettle, spirit. 

medal, a stamped coin. 

meddle, to take part. 

medlar, a kind of fruit. 

meddler, one who meddles. 



formerly, before, 
formally, in due form. 

gamble, to play for money, 
gambol, to leap as lambs, 
gourd, a plant, 
gored, did gore, 
gesture, action, attitude, 
jester, one who jests or jokea. 
genius, talents, 
genus, kind, sort. 

liniment, ointment, 
lineament, feature, 
lord, a ruler, 
laud, to praise. 

millinery, articles made by 

milliners, 
millenary, a thousand years 
matrass, a chemical vessel, 
mattress, a kind of bed. 
missal, a Roman mass-book, 
missile, something thrown. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



125 



ocle, a lyric poem, 
owed, did owe. 

pedal, belonging to the foot, 
peddle, to carry about, 
pistol, a small hand-gun. 
pistil, the organ of a female 

flower, 
principal, chief, 
principle, first cause. 
Peter, a man's name, 
petre, saltpetre. 

rabbit, an animal, 
rabid, mad. 

sower, one who sows seed, 
sewer, one who sews cloth, 
stationary, remaining in one 

place, 
stationery, paper, pens, &c. 
shock, a sudden jar. 
shough, a shaggy doe. 
succor, help, 
sucker, a young shoot. 

talents, natural gift. 
talons, claws of a beast, 
tact, ready talent, 
tacked, did tack. 

wade, to walk through water, 
weighed, did weigh. 
wither, to fade, 
whither, to what place. 
11* 



ottar, oil of roses. 

otter, an amphibious animal. 

pendent, hanging, 
pendant, a hanging ornament, 
pitted, a mark with little hol- 
lows, 
pitied, deserving compassion, 
profit, gain. 

prophet, one who foretells, 
precedent, something done, 
president, one who presides. 

regimen, regulation of diet, 
regiment, a body of troops. 

sex, distinction between male 
and female. 

sects, denominations. 

subtile, thin. 

subtle, artful. 

salable, that may be sold. 

sailable, that may be tra- 
velled by ships. 

travel, to walk, 
travail, labor, toil, 
vial, a small bottle. 
viol, an instrument. 

wicket, a small gate, 
wicked, sinful, 
when, at what time, 
wen, a tumour. 



126 THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

He adds up his gains. An adz is used for cutting. What ails 
him ? The air is pure. He is heir to a large estate. The shoema- 
ker's awl. All his goods were sold. The ascent of the hill. He 
nodded his assent. He ate his breakfast at eight o'clock. The ship 
was held by the anchor. The aisle of the church was too narrow 
You ought not to do aught more. 

His head was bald. The boy bawled after his ball. A bale of 
goods. The prisoner was released on bail. The bear stripped his 
leg bare. Bury that berry deep in the ground. The beech does not 
thrive on the beach. The belle was borne away. Ingratitude is 
base. Bass notes. 

The canons of the church must not be confounded with the can- 
nons for firing. The ship was cast away. There are a variety of 
castes in India. A calendar month. They calender the cloth. 
Sealing wax adhered to the ceiling of the room. A beautiful site 
for a church. Cite the verse. The sight was delightful. 

The Dane will deign to hear. His dear son killed a deer. The 
dough was baked. The doe was killed. The draft was honored. 
Sixteen drachms make an ounce. The ewe was found under the 
yew tree. The ewer will hold your milk. A coffee urn. You 
should earn your living. The swallow flew up the flue of the chim- 
ney. The fur of the animal was found hanging on the fir tree. He 
set forth on his journey the fourth day of the month. 

A fire was built in the grate in the great room. The miser hoards 
up money. The hordes of barbarians were destroyed. The hare 
was caught by the hair of his head. The herd of buffaloes was 
heard on the plain. They requested him to learn a hymn. The 
farmer was willing to hire him at higher wages. My cousin stayed 
an hour at our house. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLEE. 127 

He "waited for him at the inn in great anxiety. A brick kiln. You 
need not knead the dough. He knows that his nose is frozen. I 
knew when he purchased his new book. He walked across the lea 
to a lee shore. He whose manners are lax, often lacks spirit. The 
tarts were made by the old maid. There were four male passengers 
in the mail coach. The marshal had quite a martial look. You will 
meet the butcher with the meat. The mower wants more ale. He 
lost his oar rowing o'er the lake. 

Acute pain. His face is pale. The pail is full of water. Did 
you ever try to pare a pear with a pair of scissors ? They pique 
themselves on having ascended the Peak of Teneriffe. Pumice stone. 
Apple pomace. A quire of paper. The choir sang. He did not 
reck the wreck of the vessel. He wrote a copy after he had learned 
his lesson by rote. The book with a red cover is often read. He 
rode the horse along the dreary road. The beggar sighed at the 
side of the road. A lace ruff was found amid the rough stones. 

The scene was beautiful to be seen. Eagles soar. The sower 
sows his seed. The boy had some idea of the sum total. A style 
of writing. Beef steak is not tough. Why do you stare on the top 
of the stairs ? The sexton tolled the bell after he had been told. 
Fishermen toled the fish by throwing out bait. The weak woman 
came to beg once a week. He made a vain attempt to reach the 
vane of the steeple. 



The boys were not allowed to read aloud in the school. The noble 
baron owned a large barren region. A candid boy bought some 
candied raisins. A dessert spoon was found in the Syrian desert. 
A capital offence was punished at the capitol. The stationer sells 
stationery from a stationary stand. The space of a thousand years 
is called a millenary. A milliner sells millinery. The Jews were 
the depositaries of the sacred writings. A warehouse is a depository 
for goods. He was pitied because he was so pitted by the small- 
pox. An otter was caught in the river. The ottar of roses. 



128 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

Rules for Spelling 1 . 

1. Monosyllables ending with/, I, or s, double the final 
consonant, when preceded by a single vowel ; as : call, hall, 
grass, mass, muff, stuff, gross, miss, fall, fell. 

Exceptions : As, has, his, gas, if, of, this, thus, yes, 
was, us, is. 

2. Monosyllables ending with any consonant but/, I, or s, 
do not double the final consonant when preceded by a single 
vowel ; as : bad, bid, did, bed, ham, can, car, bar, bat, 
cat. 

Exceptions : Add, odd, butt, buzz, ebb, egg, err, purr, 
inn. 

3. Words ending with a single consonant preceded by 
a single vowel, and accented on the last syllable, double 
the final consonant when receiving an additional syllable 
beginning with a vowel; as: rob, robber, robbing; beg, 
beggar, begging ; drum, drummer, drumming ; begin, 
beginner, beginning; abet, abettor, abetting ; demur, de- 
murrer, demurring ; admit, admitted, admitting. 

4. In words ending with two consonants, or when a 
diphthong precedes the final consonant, or when the last 
syllable is not accented, the final consonant is not doubled 
on receiving an additional syllable beginning with a vowel ; 
as: dress, dresser, dressing; benefit, benefited, benefit- 
ing; bigot, bigoted; profit, profiting ; limit, limited; in- 
herit, inherited. 

The following list of verbs ending in I have been by 
many lexicographers written with a double I, when they 



THE 


COMPLETE SPELLER. ±Z\) 


receive an additional syllable; but Webster, Walker, 


Lowth, Perry, and others, conform to the rule : — 


apparel 


bevel bowel 


cancel 


carol cavil 


channel 


chisel counsel 


council 


cudgel dial 


dishevel 


drivel duel 


embowel 


enamel equal 


gambol 


gospel gravel 


grovel 


handsel hatchet 


jewel 


kennel label 


laurel 


level ' libel 


marshal 


marvel model 


panel 


parcel pencil 


peril 


pistol pommel 


quarrel 


ravel travel 


novel 


rival rowel 


shovel 


shrivel snivel 


tassel 


trammel tunnel 



Kidnap always doubles the p on assuming an additional 
syllable. In regard to wool, compromit, worship, car- 
buret, and sulphuret, the final consonant is by some dou- 
bled when taking an additional syllable ; and by many 
others, they are written with a single consonant; as: 
ivool, woolen ; compromit, compromited, &c. 

The derivatives of metal and crystal are always written 
with a doubled; as: m,eialline, metallurgy; crystallize, 
crystalline. 



5. Words ending in e silent, drop 
additional syllable beginning with a 



the e on taking an 
vowel ; as : hope, 



130 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

hoping; come, coming ; love, loving ; sue, suing ; graze , 
grazing ; cure, curable; move, movable; blame, blama- 
ble ; sale, salable. 

Exceptions : Words ending in ge or ce retain the e be- 
fore able, to preserve the soft sound of j and s in g and c ; 
as: change, changeable ; peace, peaceable ; trace, trace- 
able; notice, noticeable. 

6. In the words singe, sioinge, springe, the e is retained,, 
before ing, to distinguish them from singing, swinging, 
and springing. 

The e is also retained before ing in verbs ending in ee 
and oe ; as : see, seeing ; agree, agreeing ; hoe, hoeing ; 
shoe, shoeing ; toe, toeing: eye has eying, and dye has 
dyeing, to distinguish it from dying. 

Words ending in ie change ie into y on taking ing ; as : 
vie, vying ; tie, tying ; die, dying ; lie, lying ; hie, hying, 
{hieing). 

As the k has been dropped in most verbs now ending in 
c, it must be inserted in them before a syllable beginning 
with e or i, to preserve the sound of k ; as : mimic, mim- 
icked, mimicking; frolic, frolicked, frolicking ; traffic, 
trafficked, trafficking. 

7. Words ending in e silent generally retain the e on 
taking an additional syllahle beginning with a consonant ; 
as : pale, paleness ; sense, senseless ; peace, peaceful ; 
allure, allurement ; move, movement ; achieve, achieve- 
ment. 

Exceptions : Due, duly ; true, truly ; awe, awful ; 
whole, wholly ; judge, judgment ; abridge, abridgment ; 
lodge, lodgment; acknowledge, acknowledgment. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 131 

8. Words ending in y, preceded by a consonant, change 
y into i on receiving an additional syllable, excepting the 
apostrophe s; as : mercy, merciful, mercies; duty, duti- 
ful, duties; beauty, beautiful, beauties; pity, pitiful, 
pities. 

Exceptions : Dry and shy, and their derivations, usually 
retain they; as: dry, dryly, dryness; shy, shyly, shy- 
ness : cry has cries and crying. 

Words ending in y, preceded by a vowel, usually retain 
the y ; as : pray, praying ; stay, staying ; joy, joying ; 
play, playing. 

Exceptions: Lay, laid; pay, paid; say, said; day, 
daily ; stay, staid or stayed. 

Words ending in a double consonant usually retain both 
consonants on taking an additional syllable *, as : bliss, 
blissful; gross, grossness ; success, successful ; careless, 
carelessly ; still, stillness. 

9. Monosyllables ending in all commonly retain the 
double I on taking a prefix ; as : befall, appall, install, 
inthrall, recall, waterfall, ivindfall, miscall. But some 
of these are often written with a single I ; as : appal, befal, 
inthral, Withal, therewithal, and wherewithal, are writ- 
ten with one I. 

The best authorities are divided in regard to the spelling 

of many words compounded with double I. The practice, 

however, is in favor of the general rule. 
The plural of nouns is formed regularly — 
(1.) By adding s when the singular ends with a sound 

that can be united with the s ; as : book, books ; tree, 

trees; beam, beams. 



132 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

(2.) By adding es, when the singular ends with a sound 
that cannot be united with s; as : box, boxes ; peach, 
peaches; hero, heroes. v 

10. Nouns ending in y, preceded by a consonant, form 
their plural by changing the y into ies ; as : mercy, mer- 
cies ; fancy, fancies ; daisy, daisies ; gallery, galleries ; 
company, companies. 

11. Nouns ending in y, preceded by a vowel, form their 
plural by adding s ; as : day, days ; journey, journeys ; 
money, moneys ; attorney, attorneys ; valley, valleys. 

12. The following nouns ending in f or fe, form the 
plural by changing / or fe into ves ; as : loaf, loaves ; 
sheaf, sheaves ; knife, knives ; wife, wives; wolf, wolves; 
calf, calves; half, halves; elf, elves; life, lives; leaf, 
leaves ; thief thieves ; self, selves ; loaf, loaves ; shelf, 
shelves. 

13. Other nouns mforfe, and most nouns mff, form 
their plural by adding s; as : chief, chiefs ; grief griefs ; 
strife, strifes ; dwarf, dwarfs ; fife, fifes ; gulf, gulfs ; 
handkerchief, handkerchiefs ; hoof, hoofs ; proof proofs ; 
reproof, reproofs ; roof, roofs ; safe, safes ; scarf, 
scarfs; turf turfs. Wharf has wharfs and wharves; 
staff has staves ; but its compounds are regular ; as : flag- 
staff, flagstaff's. 

14. Nouns ending in o, preceded by a vowel, form the 
plural by the addition of s ; as : cameo, cameos ; trio, 
trios. 

The following nouns ending in o, preceded by a conso- 
nant, form the plural by adding s ; as : bravo, bravos ; 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 133 

canto, cantos ; grotto, grottos ; halo, halos ; junto, juntos ; 
quarto, quartos ; octavo, octavos ; solo, solos; tyro, tyros; 
zero, zeros ; duodecimo, duodecimos ; memento, memen- 
tos ; portico, porticos. 

15. Most nouns in o, preceded by a consonant, form the 
plural by the addition of es ; as : echo, echoes ; mulatto, 
mulattoes ; cargo, cargoes ; motto, mottoes ; volcano, vol- 
canoes ; potato, potatoes ; desperado, desperadoes; cur- 
culio, curculioes. 

The following nouns form their plural irregularly : child, 
children; man, men; woman, women; brother, brothers 
and brethren; louse, lice ; mouse, mice; die, dice (dies 
when it means stamps) ; tooth, teeth ; foot, feet ; goose, 
geese ; penny, pence and pennies. 

Many nouns from foreign languages retain their original 
plurals: as: antithesis, antitheses; arcanum, arcana; 
axis, axes ; automaton, automata; bandit, banditti; che- 
rub, cherubim; nebula, nebulce ; memorandum, memo- 
randa ; phenomenon, phenomena ; radius, radii; focus, 
foci; stratum, strata; magus, magi; hypothesis, hypo- 
theses; encomium, encomia; vortex, vortices; ephemeris, 
ephemerides ; larva, larvce ; seraph, seraphim; crite- 
rion, criteria ; formula, formulae ; monsie ur, messieurs ; 
nebula, nebulce. 

Some nouns are used only in the plural ; as : riches, 
scissors, shears, tongs. 

Some are alike in both numbers ; as : deer, sheep f 
swine. 

12 



134 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



The following words, which have been almost universally- 
written in re by the ablest orthoepists, are written by Web- 
ster in er. There at present seems to be a strong tendency 
by the best writers to follow his example : — 



ace outer 


anter 


caliber 


center 


fiber 


liver 


luster 


mauger 


meager 


meter 


miter 


niter 


ocher 


oger 


orchester 


reconnoiter 


saltpeter 


salver 


somber 


scepter 


specter 


sepulcher 


theater 


vestiter 



Acre, lucre, massacre, and mediocre, are the only words- 
written by Webster in re. And this is done to preserve 
the present pronunciation ; as : c in cer would have the 
sound of s before e. 

The words defence, offence, and pretence, are written 
by Webster, defense, offense, pretense, because s is used 
in their derivatives, defensive, offensive, and pretension. 
Good usage seems now to favor this mode of spelling these 
words. 

There is a class of words derived both from the Latin 
and French languages, whose first syllable is written en or 
in; the former being derived from the Latin, the latter 
from the French. In regard to many of these, it is diffi- 
cult to determine which is best supported by good usage. 
The in seems, however, to be preferred. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 135 

A collection of difficult words for examination 

of classes : 

1. Botanic, tyrannic, sciatic, attic, ballast, balance, 
ballad, valid, pallid, horrid, florid, arid, carried, tabard, 
scabbard, haggard, hazard, buzzard, wizard, gizzard, 
scald, scalled, mauled, drawled. 

2. Menace, pinnace, terrace, pomace, malice, palace, 
coppice, novice, baggage, homage, village, manage, mes- 
sage, presage, stoppage, piazza, trouble, stubble, double, 
bubble, possible, visible. 

3. Cripple, triple, ripple, couple, supple, innate, senate, 
connate, flourish, currish, channel, panel, flannel, solid, 
squalid, volleyed (vollid), glutinous, gluttonous, dessert, 
desert, fuel, jewel. 

4. Sorrel, moral, fossil, docile, redden, leaden, flatten, 
paten, mizzen, frozen, tenant, pennant, stirrup, syrup, 
glimmer, primer, trimmer, leper, pepper, gallon, talon, 
tenon, pennon, billion, bilious. 

5. Copper, proper, hopper, spinet, linnet, rennet, tenet, 
planet, comet, bonnet, rabbit, habit, summit, limit, mag- 
got, faggot, bigot, eddy, steady, ready, vermilion, rebel- 
lion. 

6. Chilly, lily, silly, filly, finny, tiny, ninny, penny, any, 
many, copy, poppy, very, merry, ferry, cherry, witty, city, 
ditty, study, muddy, ruddy, rigor, . dizzy, valor, valley, 
robin, bobbin. 

T. Police, pelisse, valise, verdegris, muslin, mullet, pel- 
lucid, infringement, abridgment, diffidence, diligence, real- 



136 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

ize, crystallize, hieroglyphics, moralize, weasels, measles, 
weevils, venue, sinew, maelstrom. 

8. Hurdle, girdle, kirtle, myrtle, chyle, guile, style, 
clothe, loath, leaf, chief, fief, cheapen, deepen, merit, ferret, 
dizzy, busy, miner, rhymer, fiery, miry, squirrel, peril. 

9. Celery, salary, gallery, raillery (rallery), weather, 
nether, heather, tether, leather, rehearse, coerce, accurse, 
immerse, imburse, relic, relict, heinous, heifer, neither, 
steeple, people, yeoman, foeman. 

10. Shepherd, leopard, leprous, jeopard, phthisic, stu- 
pid, steward, duty, dewlap, Jewry, juicy, atom, alum, senior, 
seignior, nourish, nursery, paid, plaid, said, rapine, matin, 
benefited; indelible. 

11. Banner, banish, brewer, neuter, nuisance, lettuce, 
tortoise, mortice, raiment, plagiarism, trollop, shallop, 
caldron, crayon, parliament, diamond, famine, mullein, 
murrain, ermine, villain. 

12. George, gorge, baker, bailiff, caper, caitiff, ichor, 
liquor, lilac, arrack, complete, escheat, hygiene, marine, 
nickel, wassail, deafness, zephyr, heifer, zeugma. 

13. Millenary, millinery, stationary, stationery, deposi- 
tory, depositary, analyze, annalize, analyst, annalist, aspe- 
rate, aspirate, binnacle, binacle, binocle, cetaceous, seta- 
ceous, elysian, elision, dualist, duelist, eminant, eminent, 
exercise, exorcise. 

14. Scissors, cypher, circuit, surfeit, minute, hydrant, 
cocoanut, euphony, hyacinth, piquancy, buoyant, daffodil, 
syllable, sillabub, syllogism, cylinder, tyrannous, requisite, 
sycophant, paroxysm. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 137 

15. Chrysolite, proselyte, satellite, pentateuch, cycloids, 
embryo, polypus, melancholy, ichneumon, caoutchouc, holo- 
caust, halibut, synchronism, phylactery, syncope, periph- 
ery, apocrypha, metaphysic, hysteric, methegiin. 

16. Stereotype, hyperbole, Vandyke, avoirdupois, par- 
liamental, rhinoceros, apocalypse, diarrhoea, hypocrisy, 
paralyze, hydraulic, zoophyte, michaelmas, aqueduct, mas- 
querade, exchequer, scurrilous, pleiades. 

17. Yermilion, quintillion, epaulette, cochineal, humil- 
ity, tranquillity, surveillance, pneumonics, crystallize, real- 
ize, logarithms; stalactites, stalagmites, stalwart, apotheosis, 
subpoena, chamelion, chalybeate, metonymy, pursuivant. 

18. Cauliflower, mausoleum, complaisance, fricassee, 
patronymic, paralytic, isosceles, inelegant, ineligible, intel- 
ligible, difference, deference, kaleidoscope, pomegranate, 
guaiacum, aphceresis. 

19. Allegation, alligator, empirical, empyrical, mone- 
tary, monitory, permiscible, permissible, auricle, oracle, 
emigrant, immigrant, century, centaur, salable, sailable, 
calidity, callidity, immanent, imminent. 

20. Robin, robbing, bobbin, bobbing, crocus, croceous, 
callus, callous, plummet, plumber, plurality, pleurisy, 
gamut, gammon, mnemonics, pneumonic, pneumatic, par- 
allel, mignonette, Buddhism. 

21. Contemptible, cartouch, chalcedony, bdellium, dis- 
syllable, trisyllable, presbyter, polygamy, proselyte, vene- 
rate, celebrate, separate, phocine, inguinal, caisson, katydid, 
cabin, rabbin, quoiffure, neuralgia, noyau. 

22. Capillary, pupilary, rhododendron, rogue, louse 

12* 



138 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER, 



defamatory, inflammatory, anonymous, anomalous, com- 
mercial, controversial, prudential, pyrrhonism, psoas, pso- 
raic, ptoiemaic, ptarmigan, puisne, exaggerate, ballad, 
salad, ribbed, ribald. 

23. Congeries, criticism, witticism, solecism, hymenial, 
collegial, diarrhcetic, diphyllous, billion, bilious, adieu, 
subdue, perdu, sibylline, sycophant, arrear, arriere, callid, 
calid, aspirate, generate, separate, binocle, panicle. 

24. Iclmeumon, picayune, Huguenot, polity, jollity, pal- 
liate, retaliate, verify, terrify, putrefy, gratify, stupefy, 
ebullition, sullen, mullein, massacre, macerate, pavilion, 
postillion, medalion, olympiad. 

25. Brilliant, valiant, befitting, benefiting, remitting, 
committing, entreating, profiting, grottos, mottoes, quartos, 
echoes, heroes, bravos, cantos, volcanoes, mementos, sti- 
lettoes. 



Words of difficult Pronunciation. 



PRONUNCIATION. 



although — altho. — 
bought — bawt. 
clough — Muff. 
enough — enuff. 
cough — kawf. 
hiccough — hikup. 
slough — slow. 
tough — tuff. 



PRONUNCIATION. 



bough — bow. 
chough — chuff. 
dough — do. 
f urlo u gh — fur lo . 
caught — kawt. 
plough — plou. 
slough — stuff. 
rough — ruff. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



139 



PROxrxciATioy. 



trough — trawf. 
laugh — laff. 
though — tJw. 
shough — sJioJc. 
sought — sawt. 
sough — suf. 

forethought — -fore thawt. 
slaughter — slaw ter. 
cuirass — Iciceras. 
devoir — dev icor. 
grotesque — gro tesk. 
reveille — re vale ya. 
ragout — ragou. 
caoutchouc — coochook. 
provost — provo. 
pththisic — tizziJc. 
chagrin — sh agreen. 
colonel — leurnel. 
s erge ant — sarje nt. 
cuisine — Tcwezeen. 
escritoire — eshretor. 



PROXTXCIATION 

hough — hok. 
through — thru. 
thorough — tkurro. 
huguenot — hugenot. 
sough — sow. 
lough — loJc. 
daughter — dawter. 
laughter — laffter. 
cuirassier — hwerasseer. 
burlesque — buries h. 
billet-doux — billadoo. 
vignette — vinyet. 
roquelaur — rohelor. 
piquant — pekant. 
flamb eau — flambo. 
yacht — yot. 
hautboy — Jioboe. 
usquebaugh— usbwebaw , 
vaudeville — vodvil. 
ennui — ongicee. 
bivouac — biv u ah. 



140 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



A Collection of Words of various Orthography. 

The mode of spelling which seems to be sanctioned by 
the best authority is placed first. In regard to some words 
the authorities are so nearly equally divided, that it is 
quite difficult to determine which is the best authorized : — 



a bridg' ment 
a bridge ment 


al' che my 
al chy my 


an' cient 
an tient 


ac ces' so ry 
ac ces sa ry 


al' co ran 
al ko ran 


an' kle 
an cle 


al lege' 
al ledge 


ap' o thegm 
ap oph thegm 


a bat' is 
a bat tis 


an' cho ret 
an cho rite 


al 7 ma nac 
al ma nack 


as cen' den cy 
as cen dan cy 


a bet' ter 
a bet tor 


a pos' ta sy 
a pos ta cy 


ar' que buse 
ar que bus 



aide de camp' ap pur'te nance ar'ti san 

aid de camp ap per te nance ar ti zan 

as bes' tus ar chse ol' o gy as a feet' i da 

as bes tos ar chai ol o gy as a fet i da 



bal' us ter 
ban is ter 

bau' ble 
baw ble 

ban' ian 
ban yan 



ban dan'na 
ban dan' a 

blouse 
blowse 

buc ca neer' 
buc ca nier 



bark 
barque 

bom ba sin' 
bom ba zine 

bur' geois 
bour geois 



THE COMPLETE SPELLEU 



141 



be hoove' 


bell' man 


bowl' der 


be hove 


bel man 


boul der 


ba rouche' 


be fall' 


bar' y tone 


ba rouch 


be fal 


bar i tone 


bri' er 


be queathe' 


bell met' al 


bri ar 


"he queath 


bel met al 


calk 


ca3 su' ra 


cal' dron 


caulk 


ces u ra 


caul dron 


cam' let 


ca zique' 


car' a bine 


cainb let 


ca ciqne 


car bine 


cam' phor 


catch' up 


chem' ist 


cam phire 


cat sup 


chym ist 


ci gar' 


col' ter 


cas' si mere 


se gar 


coul ter 


ker se mere 


ci' pher 


cla ri o net' 


con tern' po ra r 


cy pher 


clar i net 


co tern po ra ry 


con nee' tion 


cy clo pse' dia 


co quette' 


con nex ion 


cy clo pe dia 


co quet 


cle main' 


de pend' ent 


di o cese 


de mes ne 


de pend ant 


di o cess 


di ar rhoe' a 


deb o nair' 


dis in thrall' 


di ar rhe a 


deb on nair 


dis en thrall 


doni' i cil 


de vel'op 


des patch' 


dom i cile 


de vel ope 


dis patch 


dex' trous 


di vest' 


de tect' er 


dex ter ous 


de vest 


de tect or 



142 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



ec' sta cy 
ec sta sy 


en vel' op 
en vel ope 


e nig' ma 
83 nig ma 


in dorse' 
en dorse 


in quire' 
en quire 


in qui'ry 
en qui ry 


in close' 
en close 


im bod' y 
em bod y 


in hance' 
en hance 


es thet' ic 
ses thet ic 


en vel' op ment 
en vel ope ment 


im pas' sioned 
em pas sioned 


fag of 
fag got 


far' ther 
fur ther 


fer' rule 
fer ule 


fan' ta sy 
phan ta sy 


flag'eo let 
flag e let 


full' ness 
ful ness 


ful fill' ment 
ful fil ment 


ful fill' 
fulfil 


fren' zy 
phren zy 


fil'i gree 
fil a gre 


foun' de ry 
foun dry 


fore tell' 
fore tel 


fel' spar 
feld spar 


fu'see 
fu sil 


feu dal' i ty 
feo dal i ty 


gauge 
gage 


gai' ly 
•gay ley 


gai' e ty 
gay e ty 


gim' let 
gim blet 


gyp' sy 

gypsey 


group 
group e 


gray 

grey 


gun' wale 
gun nel 


grand' daugh ter 
gran daugh ter 


gor' mand 
gour mand 


gnarl' ed 
knarl ed 


guil'lo tine 
guil lo tin 



THE 


COMPLETE 


SPELLER. 143 


haw' ser 
hal ser 


ha' zel 

ha zle 


head' ache 

head ach 


height 
hight 


height' en 
high ten 


hei' nous 
hai nous 


hi' ber nate 
hy ber nate 


hin' der ance 
hin drance 


hatch' el 
hetch el 


hal' Hard 
hal yard 


hoar' hound 
hore hound 


hy pot' e nuse 
hy poth e nuse 


hol'i day 
hoi y day 


hie' cough 
hie cup 


hon' ey ed 
hon ied 


im pan' el 
em pan el 


im brue' 
em brue 


in due' 
en due 


in twine' 
en twine 


in thrall' 
en thrall 


in stall' ment 
in stal ment 


j as' mine 
jes sa mine 


judg' ment 
judge ment 


jon quille' 
jon quil 


jos' tie 
jos le 


jal' ap 
jol ap 


jack' al 
jack all 


li' lac 
li lach 


lac' quer 
lack er 


lie' o rice 
liq uo rice 


lack' ey 
laq uey 


ledg' er 
leg er 


load' stone 
lode stone 


loath 
loth 


lodg' ment 
lodge ment 


lav' en der 
lav en dar 


ma nceu' vre 


mar' shal 


mask 


ma neu yer 


mare shal 


masque 



144 THE 


COMPLETE 


SPELLER. 


me di ee' val 


moc' ca sin 


mos qui' to 


me di e val 


moc ca son 


mus que to 


mould 


mal' con tent 


mal prac' tice 


mold 


male con tent 


male prac tice 


mal treat' 


mar' quis 


mus tache' 


male treat 


mar quess 


mous tache 


mis spell' 


mel o co ton' 


mis call' 


mis pell 


mal a ca tune 


mis cal 


ne go'ti ate 


nan keen' 


naught 


ne go ci ate 


nan kin 


nought 


or i' son 


ox' yde 


ot tar' 


or ai son 


ox ide 


ot to 


o' sier 


ox'y dize 


of fence' 


o zier 


ox i dize 


of fense 


pan' el 


pa Ian quin' 


ped' dler 


pan nel 


pal an keen 


ped lar 


plow 


par' a lyze 


par' ti san 


plough 


par a lyse 


par ti zan 


pinch' ers 


po ta'to 


pom' mel 


pin cers 


po ta toe 


pum mel 


po made' 


plumb' er 


pret' er ite 


pom made 


plum mer 


pre ter it 


pol'yp 


pre' tor 


pot' age 


pol ype 


prse tor 


pot tage 


ren' ard 


rib' b on 


rat' an 


rey nard 


rib and 


rat tan 



THE 


COMPLETE 


SPELLER. 


ro' ta ry 


ren' net 


rec' og nise 


ro ta to r ry 


run net 


rec og nize 


re pos' it 


re ; sin 


rev' e rie 


re pos ite 


ros in 


rev er y 


re flee' tion 


ref er a ble 


res' pite 


re flex ion 


ref er ri ble 


res pit 


show- 


seep' tic 


sa' viour 


shew 


skep tic 


sa vior 


scythe 


sel' vage 


ser' geant 


sythe 


sel vedge 


ser jant 


shrill' ness 


sir' loin 


syr' up 


shril ness 


sur loin 


sir up 


still ness' 


spin' ach 


si' en ite 


stil ness 


spin age 


sy en ite 


stanch 


sil' la bub 


skil' ful 


staunch 


syl la bub 


skill ful 


si' ren 


su' mac 


sponge 


sy#en 


su mach 


spunge 


syn' o nym 


sur' name 


sol' der 


syn o nyme 


sir name 


sod er 


still'ness 


swap 


strap 


stil ness 


swop 


strop 


trou' sers 


tran' quil lize 


tall' ness 


trow sers 


trail quil lise 


tal ness 


tar pau' lin 


thresh old' 


toi' let 


tar pan ling 


thresh hold 


toi lette 


13 


K 





145 



146 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



tree' nail 
trun nel 

taf ' fe ta 
taf fe ty 

un roll' 
un rol 

villain y 
vil la ny 

viz' ier 
vi sier 

wag'on 
wag gon 

win' ter y 
win try 

woe 
wo 

with al f 
with all 



yawl 
yaul 



tur kois' 


trel'lis 


tur quoise 


trel lise 


tur' nip 


thral'dom 


tur nep 


thrall dom 


un til 7 


uu'bi as 


un till 


un bi ass 


vil' lain ous 


ver mil' ion 


vil Ian ous 


ver mil lion 


va lise' 


vaude vil' 


val lise 


vaude ville 


whis' ky 


wool' en 


whis key 


wool len 


won'drous 


wiz' ard 


won der ous 


wiz zard 


woe' ful 


welsh 


wo ful 


welch 


whif ' fle tree 


wid' geon 


whip pie tree 


wig eon 


yelk 


yearn 


yolk 


yern 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 147 



Pronunciation according to Various Authors. 

alni'onds, a mundz, W., Wr., Crg. ; al munds, Wb. 
an tip'o des, antip'odez, W., Wr., Crg. ; antipodes', Wb. 
as sign ee', as se ne' , W., Wr., Crg. ; as sine ee, Wb. 
a' e rie,aere,Wb. ; ere, W., Wr., Crg. 

bal'co ny, baVcony, Wb., Wr., W. ; balco'ny, Crg. 
bruise, bruze, Wb., Wr. ; brooze, Crg., Lath. 

cha grin', sha green' ', W., Wr._, Crg. ; sha grin, Wb. 
chal' dron, tshal dron, Wb. ; chawl drun, Wr., Sin. 
cham ois, sham'e, Wr., Wb. ; sham oi, W., Crg. 
chiv'al ry, shiv al ry, Wb., Wr. ; tshiv al ry, W., Crg. 
cic r e ro ne, sis e ro'ne, Wb. ; chich e rone, Wr., Sm., Crg. 

ed u cate, ed yu cafe, Wb., Wr., Sm. ; edju cat, W. 

ei ther, ether. Between ether and ither, neither and nither, 

the best authorities are nearly equally divided ; ither 

and nither are common in England. 

el e gi ac, el e gi! ac, W., Wr., Crg. ; el e' gi ac, Wb. 
ep'och, ep'oh, Wr., Sm., Crg. ; e'poh, Wb. 
ey ry, are, Wb., Wr., Wr., Crg. ; ere, Sm. 

fal con, faw hn, W., Wr. ; fid kun, Wb. 

half pen ny, hap penny, Wb. ; ha penny, W., Wr., Crg. 
humble, humble, Wb., Wr. ; umble, W., Crg., Sm. 
hu mor, hu mur, Wb. ; yu mur, W., Wr., Sm. 

ig no min'ious, ig no min e ous, Wb., Crg.; ig no min yus, 

Wr., Sm., W. 
im'be cile, im be cil, Wb., Crg. ; im bec'il, W., Wr. 



148 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

in doc'ile, in dos'il, Wr., Wr., Sm. ; in do'sil, Wb. 
ir ra tion al, ir ra' 'shun al, Wb. ; ir rash'un al, W., Wr., 
Sm., Org. 

lau' rel, law rel, Wb., Crg. ; lor rel, W., Wr. 
leg' end, leg' end, Wb., Sm. ; le'gend, W., Wr. 
lien' ten ant, lu ten ant, Wb. ; lev ten aiit, W., Wr. 

mez zo tin to, mezzotinto, Wb. ; metz o tin to, W., Wr., Sm. 

na tion al, na'shun al, W., Wr., Sm. ; nash'un al, Wb. 
no' mad — nom ade, nomad, W., Wr. ; no' mad, Wb. 
none, nun, W., Wr., Sm. ; none, Wb. 

o bei sance, o ba sans, W., Wr., Sm. ; o be sans, Wb. 
o be dience,o be' dens, Wb., Wr., Sm. ; o be'jens, Wr. 
ob lique, ob like, Wb., Wr., Crg. ; ob leek, Wr., Sm.* 

pa geant, paj'ent, W., Wr., Sm., Crg. ; pa'jent, Wb. 
plen a ry, plen'ar e, Wr., W. ; ple'nar e, Wb., W., Crg. 
pre' hide, pre'lude, Wb. ; prel'ude, W., Wr., Crg., Sm. 
prel r ate, prel'ate, W., Wr., Crg. ; pre'late, Wb. 
pro nun cia tion, pro nun se a tion, Wb., Lm., Crg. ; pro' 
nun she a tion, W., Wr. 

ra tion al, ra'shun al, Wb. ; rash'un al, W., Wr., Crg., Sm. 
Rus sian, ru'shan, Wb., Wr., Crg. ; rush' an, Sm. 

sa'trap, sa'trap, Wr., Sm. ; sat' rap, Wb. 
se cre r toiy, se cre'tory, W., Wr. ; se'cre to ry, Wb. 
syr up, sir up, Wr., Sm., Crg; sur up, Wb., W. 
■stir rup, stir rup, W., Wr., Crg. ; stur rup, Wb. 

taunt, tant, Wb., Wr., Sm. ; tawnt, Crg. 

te di oils, te'de us, Wb., Wr., Sm. ; ted yus, Wr. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 149 

ti ny, tiny, W., Wr., Sm., Org. ; tin'ny, Wb. 
tortoise, tortis, Wb., Wr. ; tortus, Lath.; tawrtoyz, Crg. 
tri en' nial, tri en'ne al, Wb., Sm. Org. ; tri en'yal, W. , Wr. 
trough, trawf Wb., Org. ; trofi W., Wr., Sm. 

uni bra' geous, umbra' jus, Wr., Sm., Org.; umbrage us, 

W., Wr. 
vaunt, vant, Wb.; vawnt, W., Wr., Sm., Crg 
veni son, venzn, W., Wr., Sm. ; veu'e sun, Wb., Crg. 
wound, woond, W., Wr., Sm., Crg. ; wound, Wb. 

Note. — Wb. stands for Webster; Wr. for Worcester; W. for 
Walker ; Sm. for Smart, and Crg. for Craig. 



Prefixes. 

A word or syllable added to the beginning of a word, is 
called a 'prefix ; as : w?iwise, foresee, 6estir. 

In many cases the meaning of the prefix is not obvious, 
or is entirely lost : as : awake, begin, upbraid, &c. 

In some words the prefix has acquired unusual or meta- 
phorical meaning ; as : forego, forgive, ouerturn, with- 
stand. 

PREFIXES OF SAXON ORIGIN. 

A, on, in, or at; as : aboard, ashore, afoot, abed, aloft, 
ahead. 

Be, near, for, about, also to make ; as : Reside, frestir, 
6esprinkle, frehave. 

En, em, in, on, or into, also to make; as : enfeeble, en- 
circle, embark. 

For, from, against, not ; as : forhid, /brsake, forget, 
/brbear. 
13* 



150 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

Fore, before ; as : foretell, foresee, forego, foredoom, 
foreknow. 

Mis, error or defect, ill ; as : ?nistake, misspell, miscon- 
duct, misuse. 

Out, excess, beyond; as : outrun, outdo, outlive, outbid, 
outside. 

Over, above, excess ; as : overload, overdo, overcharge, 
overflow, overcome. 

Un, not, undoing; as: unwise, wnkind, unlike, imbind, 
tmload. 

Under, beneath, inferior; as: wno'erstand, undergo, 
under value, undermine. 

Up, above, subversion; as: uplift, ujjstart, upset, up- 
root, upland. 

With, against, from ; as : withdraw, withstand, withhold. 



PREFIXES OF LATIN ORIGIN. 

A, ab, abs, from, away ; as : avert, a&stain, aosolve, 
aoject. 

Ad, to, for the sake of euphony, is changed into a, ac, af 
ag, at, an, ap, ar, as, at; as: adhere, avenge, accord, 
a/firm, aagrieve, allege, annoy, appeal, arrear, assert, 
attain. 

Ante, before ; as : antecede, antedate, antechamber, ante- 
penult. 

Bene, good, well ; as : oenevolent, oeneficent, oenediction. 

Bis, bi, twice, two; as: oiseuit, oisect, oi'ped. 

Circum,, circu, around, about ; as : circumnavigate, cir- 
cumjacent, circuit. 

Cis, on this side ; as : cisalpine, cisatlantic. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 151 

Con, together, for the sake of euphony, takes the forms 
of co, cog, col, com, cor ; as : concur, cohere, coonate, 
collect, commotion, correct. 

Contra, counter, against ; contradict, counterpart, coun- 
tersign. 

De, down ; as : dejected, depend, depose, devolve, deduct. 

Dis, di, dif, asunder, undoing; as: disable, dismiss, 
diverge, disarm, digest, differ. 

E, ex, ec, ef, out of; as : egress, exclude, eccentric, ef- 
flux, effort. 

Extra, beyond; as: extraordinary, erframundane, extra- 
neous, extravagant. 

In, takes the forms of ig, il, im, ir; before a verb it has 
the meaning of in, or into ; before an adjective, not; as : 
inject, Aspire, ignoble, irrational, import, illegal, im- 
moral. 

Inter, between ; as : intervene, i?ite?*cept, intermit. 

Intro, to, within ; as : introduce, intromit. 

Juxta, nigh to ; as : juxtaposition. 

Ob, opposition, takes the forms of oc, of, o, op, os ; as : oc- 
cur, offend, omit, oppose, ostensible. 

Per, pel, pot, through, by, thoroughly; as: pervade, 
perfect, perspire, peZlucid, pollute. 

Post, after; as : postscript, postpone, postdiluvian. 

Prae, pre, before ; as : predict, precede, prejudge, pre- 
judice. 

Prceter, prefer, past, beyond; as : preternatural, preterit. 

Pro, for, forward, forth ; as : pronoun ; progress, pro- 
mote, protect. 

Be, back, again ; as : recall, retract, rebuild, rebut, re- 
mit. 



152 . THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

Retro, backwards; as : retrospect, retrograde. 
Se, sed, apart, separation ; as : secede, sedition, seduce. 
Sine, sin, sim, without; as : sinecure, sincere, simple. 
Sub, under, takes the forms of site, suf, sug, sup, sus ; as : 

succeed, sii/nce, suggest, s wpport, sustain. 
Subter, under, beneath ; as : subterfuge, subterraneous. 
Super, sur, above, beyond, over ; as: superscribe, super- 

fine, supersede, snrinount. 
Trans, tra, over, change ; as: fr-anslate, £ra?zsport ; frans- 

plant, transmit. 
Ultra, beyond; as: wftramontane, tifrramarine. 



GREEK PREFIXES. 

A, an, without, privation ; as : apathy, athirst, anony- 
mous, anarchy. 

Amphi, both double ; as : amphibious, a/??p7utheatre. 

Ana, up, through ; as : anatomy, a?ialogy, analysis, ana- 
thema. 

Anti, ant, against; as: an/ichristian, antarctic, antago- 
nist, antipodes. 

Apo, ap, from, away ; as : apostasy, apogee, aphelion, 
apocalypse. 

Cata, cat, down; as: catarrh, catechise, cataract, catas- 
trophe. 

Dia, through ; as : diameter, diarrhoea, diagonal, dia- 
logue. 

Epi, ep, upon ; as : epitaph, epiglottis, epithet. 

Hyper, over, above, or beyond; as: hypereritic, hyper- 
critical. 

Hypo, under; as: hypothesis, 7iypocrite, hyjjhen. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 153 

Meta, meth, change, beyond; as: metaphor, metamor- 
phose, method. 

Para, par, near to, like, against; as : paradox, parable, 
paragraph. 

Peri, around, about ; as : perimeter, periphery, pericolic. 

Syn, sy, syl, sym, together ; as : synagogue, system, syl- 
lable, sympathy. 



Suffixes. 



A letter or syllable annexed to the end of a word, is 
called a suffix ; as : student, maker, liar. 

It is often impossible to ascertain the exact meaning or 
force of a suffix. In some cases it serves only to lengthen 
a word without adding to its meaning. 

The endings, an or ian, ant, ar, ard, ary, ate, ee, 
eer, ent, er, ist, ite, ice, or ster, annexed to nouns, denote 
the agent or doer, pertaining to the person or thing acted 
upon, or the state of; as : Christian, Pagan, vagrant, beg- 
gar, dotard, adversary, curate, trustee, pioneer, stude7i£, 
barber, ocuk's£, ~Levite, captive, executor, songster. 

The endings acy, age, ance, ancy, ence, ency, hood, 
Hon, or sion, ism, ment, mony, ness, ry, ship, th, tude, ty, 
ity, ure, y, annexed to nouns, denote being, state of being, 
office, doctrine ; as : curacy, bondage, abundance, buoy- 
ancy, diary, boyhood, action, cohesion, baptzsm, equip- 
ment, acrimo?iy, boldness, bravery, friendship, truth, lon- 
gitude, density, abikYy, culUtre, agony. 

Doni signifies dominion, state, or condition ; as : wis- 
dom, freedom, kingdom, martyrdom. 



154 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Hood signifies state or degree ; as manhood, -priesthood. 

Ick or ric denotes jurisdiction ; as : bishopric. 

Logy denotes treating of; as : geology. 

Ling, cle, cute, ock, let, el, denote littleness ; as : gos- 
ling, particZe, hillock, animalcnZe, braceZeZ, satcheZ. 

Adjectives ending in ac, al, an, ane, ar, ary, ic, He, 
ine, ory, denote belonging or pertaining to ; as : demon- 
iac, nauticaZ, sylvan, mundane, insular, library, angelic, 
puerile, canine, auditor?/. 

Adjectives ending in ate, ful, ose, ous, some, y, denote 
full of, abounding, consisting of; as : obstinate, faith/a?, 
verbose, cutaneoas, noisome, pitchy. 

Adjectives ending in ish, like, ly, denote like or resem- 
bling ; as : boyis7?, saintlike, friend/?/. 

Adjectives ending in ent and ive, denote ability, power 
to act ; as cogent, persuasive, attentive. 

Adjectives ending in able, ible, uble, He, denote may be, 
can be, or worthy to be ; as : porta&Ze, defensi&Ze, dociZe, 
volu&Ze. 

Less denotes privation ; as: homeZess, houseZess, penni- 
Zess. 

Yerbs ending in ate, en, fy, ish, ize, ise, denote to make; 
as : frustrate, brighten, beautify, astonis7i, agonize, chas- 
tise. 

Escent denotes growing or becoming ; as : crescenZ, 
convalesced. 

Ward denotes in the direction of; as : up ward, down- 
ward. 

Words ending in ite, an, ish, ard, often denote a par- 
ticular nation ; as : LeviZe, Austrian, Irish, Savoyard 



I 
THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 155 



Capital Letters. 

Capital letters should be used in the following cases : — 

1. The first letter of the first word of every sentence, 
and after a full stop ; as : " It is midnight. What do you 
want?" 

2. The first letter of every line in poetry ; as : 

"These are thy works, Parent of good. 
Almighty, thine this universal frame." 

3. All proper names and adjectives derived from them ; 
as : " I saw John and Thomas. The Baltic Sea. The 
Lybian Desert." 

4. Qualities personified; as: "Hence loathed Melan- 
choly." 

5. Epithets; as: "William the Conqueror. Paul the 
Apostle. Washington, the Father of his Country.' 

6. All appellations and attributes of the Deity, and all 
pronouns referring to the Deity. 

I. The pronoun I and the interjection 0. 

8. Titles, when followed by names : as : "King Charles. 
The Duke of York." 

9. The names of the days of the week and the months 
of the year. 

10. The divisions of a priutedBook; as: "Book the 
First. Chapter the Third. Volume the First. Section the 
Second." 

II. Nouns denoting a religious sect; as: "Lutheran, 
Jew," &c. 

12. Words to which it is desired to give importance ; 
as: "The Congress of the United States. The Revolu- 
tionary Heroes." 



156 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



Marks used in Writing and Printing. 



Comma 


7 


Parenthesis 


o 


Section 


§ 


Semicolon 


3 


Brackets 


[] 


Dagger 


t 


Colon 


: 


Carets 


A 


Asterisks 


* 


Period 




Hyphen 


- 


Parallels 


ii 


Interrogation 


? 


Accents 


/ \ A 


Ellipsis * 


* * 


Exclamation 


! 


Paragraph 


If 


Diseresis 




Dash 




Quotation 


il >> 


Makron 


- 


Apostrophe 


j 


Index 


I3T 


Breve 


^ 


The comma (,) 


marks the shortest pause. The 


semi- 



colon (;) marks a longer pause than a comma ; and the 
colon ( :) marks a longer pause than a semicolon ; and the 
period ( . ) denotes a full stop, and that the sense is com- 
plete. The period is used also after contractions and 
abbreviations. 

The interrogation point (?) denotes that a question is 
asked ; " Where is he V 1 

The exclamation point (!) is used when some sudden 
or deep emotion or surprise is expressed ; as : "0 grave, 
where is thy victory ! " 

A dash ( — ) is used to denote some sudden change in 
the sentiment. It is often used after other punctuation 
marks, to increase their force. It is also used when a 
word or expression is repeated abruptly. 

The apostrophe ( ' ) denotes the omission of one or more 
letters; as: e'er, lov'd. It also, with the letter s, marks 
the possessive case. The possessive case plural is indicated 
without the s. 

Parentheses ( ) are used when some explanatory word 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 157 

or clause is incidentally introduced ; as : "If there's a power 
above us (and that there is, all nature cries aloud through 
all her works)." 

Brackets [ ] are used when some word or phrase is in- 
serted after a piece has been written, and usually by some 
person besides the author. 

Carets ( A ) are used to denote the omission of some 
word or letter in writing ; as : Intelligence. 

The hyphen (- ) is used to separate syllables and parts 
of compound words ; as : Dil-i-gence, house-ivright. 

The accents are called the acute ( ' ), the grave ( v ), and 
the circumflex ( A ). The acute is now used to mark the 
accented syllable ; as : Deligld'. The other two are sel- 
dom used in English. 

A paragraph ( ^[ ) denotes a subdivision in writing, 
which is now usually represented by beginning a sentence 
with a new line, having a short blank place at its commence- 
ment. 

Quotation marks (" ") are used to denote that the 
words between them are not the writer's own words. 

The index ( U-gr" ) points out a passage for special 
attention. 

The section ( § ) denotes the division of a discourse or 
chapters into smaller portions. 

The asterisk ( * ), the dagger ( f ), parallel ( |[ ), para- 
graph, and sometimes figures, are marks of reference to 
the foot of the page, or to some other part of the book. 

The ellipsis ( * * * ) denotes the omission of some let- 
ters or words. 

The diaeresis ( •• ) placed over the latter of two vowels 
denotes that both vowels are sounded ; as : Cooperate. 
14 



158 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

The mahron (-) is sometimes placed over a long vowel, 
to denote that the quantity is long. 

The breve ( ^ ) placed over a short rowel, shows that 
it is short. 

When an author wishes to call special attention to any 
words or passages, these are written in italics. 



Roman Notation. 

The Romans counted to three by single marks, supposed 
to represent the fingers of the hand ; thus, I. stood for 
one ; II. for two ; and III. for three. 

A smaller figure placed to the left of a larger one is to 
be subtracted from it ; thus, IY., means I. (one) sub- 
tracted from V. (five), that is four. 

Y. stands for five. It represents the five fingers of the 
hand, and was written originally thus, ^. Afterwards the 
middle fingers were left out, and it stood thus : Y. 

A small figure placed at the right of a larger, is to be 
added to it; thus, VI., VII., VIII. stand respectively 
for six, seven, eight; that is — five and one, five and two, 
five and three. 

IX. stands for nine ; that is — I. (one) from X. (ten). 

X. stands for ten. X represents two fives placed verti- 
cally. 

XL, XII., XIII. , eleven, twelve, thirteen; that is — ten 
and one, ten and two, and ten and three. 

XIV. , fourteen ; that is — ten and (one from five) four. 
XV. , fifteen ; that is — five added to ten. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 159 

XVI., XYIL, XVIIL, XIX., sixteen, seventeen, eigh- 
teen, nineteen. 

XX., twenty; two tens. 

XXI., XXIL, XXIIL, XXIY, &c. ; twenty-one, 
twenty-two, twenty-three, &c. 

XXX. ; that is : three tens. XL., forty; that is : ten 
from fifty (L). 

L., fifty ; this letter stands for fifty, as being the half of 
one hundred. The Romans expressed one hundred by C, 
the initial letter of centum (the Latin word for one hun- 
dred). In many manuscripts the letter C. is found in this 
form : C. A horizontal line drawn across it gives the lower 
half L, and hence the application. 

LX., sixty; fifty and ten. 

LXX., seventy; fifty and two tens. 

LXXX. , eighty ; fifty and three tens. 

XC, ninety ; that is : ten from one hundred. 

C, one hundred (centum). 

CO., two hundred. 

CCC, three hundred. 

CD., four hundred. 

D., five hundred. This letter stands in the same relation 
to a thousand that L. (fifty) does to C. (one hundred) ; 
that is : it represents the half of a thousand. The initial 
letter M., of mille (a thousand), was used to represent that 
number. An ancient form of this letter is CD. A line 
drawn vertically through this letter leaves on the right 
hand side a D, and hence its applications, DC, six hun- 
dred ; DCC, seven hundred; DCCC, eight hundred; 
DCCCC, nine hundred; M., a thousand. 



160 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

EXERCISE FOR WRITING. 

Express the following sums in Roman numerals : — Four- 
teen, nineteen, twenty-nine, ninety-four, one hundred and 
forty-nine, nineteen hundred and fifty-four, fourteen thou- 
sand and ninety-six, nine hundred and ninety. 

The Arabic numerals are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0. 
They are so called because they were introduced from the 
East into Europe by the Arabians. 

Express the following Roman in Arabic numerals : — 
IT., XIX., XL, XIT., DXLYL, MDVL, MDCCCY., 
CCCXL., DCCCCXXXIY., DCCXCIY., XLIY., 
DCCXIX., MDCCCLYL, MDCCCCYL, XCIX. 

Express the Arabic in Roman numerals: — Book 4. 
Chapter 9. Section 11. Appendix No. 29. Yolumel4. 
Sec. 27. Part 49. In the year 1496. The year 1749. 
The year 1857. 



BTames of Men. 
Aa'ron, A'bel, Abi'el, Abi'athan, Ab'ner, Ad'am, Abra- 
ham, Adol'phus, Al'bert, Alexander, Al'fred, Alon'zo, 
Al'pheus, Al'vin, Ames, A'masa, Ambrose, An'drew, 
Antho'ny Archibald, Ar'temas, Apol'los, Arthur, A'sa, 
A'saph, Augustus, Ashler, Azari'ah. 

Bar'naby, Be'la, Benjamin, Benedict, Beno'ni, Beri'ah, 
Beth'uel, Bald'win, Bernard, Caleb', Cal'vin, Charles, 
Ce'phas, Christopher, Cy'rus, Clem'ent, Dan'iel, Da/vid, 
Dari'us, Dionys'ius. 

Ebene'zer, Ed'ward, Ed'mnnd, Ed'win, Elea'zer, Eli'as, 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 161 

Eli'hu, Eli'jah, Eli'sha, Eliph'alet, E'noch, E'nos, E'phraim, 
Eras'tus, E'than, Eugene', Eze'kiel, Ez'ra, Eus'tace. 

Fer'dinand, Francis, Frederick, Frank'lin, George, 
Ger'shom, Greg'ory, Gid'eon, Gilbert, Giles, God'win, 
Hen'ry, Her'man, Hezeki'ah, Hi'ram, Hor'ace, Hora'tio, 
Hugh, Hum'phrey, Ho'sea. 

Ich'abod, Igna'tius, Ira, I'saac, Is'rael, Ja'cob, Ja'bez, 
Jai'rus, James, Ja'red, Ja'son, Jededi'ah, Jeph'thah, Jere- 
mi'ah, Jer'emy, Jero'me, Jes'se, Je'thro, Jo'el, John, 
Jo'nah, Jo'nas, Jo'seph, Jon'athan, Josh'ua, Josi'ah, 
Jo'tbam. 

Lau'rens, Laz'arus, Lem'uel, Le'vi, Lou'is, Lloyd, 
Loam'mi, Lu'cius, Luke, Lu'ther, Mar'cus, Mark, Mar r - 
tin, Mat'thew, Mat'thias, Mi'eah, Mi'chael, Mo'ses, Mau'- 
rice, Na'hum, Na'than, Nathan'iel, and Nathan'ael, 
Nehem'iah, Nicholas, No'ah. 

Obadi'ah, Obed, Octav'ius, Ol'iver, Pal/rick, Paul, 
Pe'leg, Pe'rez, Pe'ter, Phil'ip, Phi'lo, Phin'eas and Phi'- 
nehas, Ralph, Reu'ben, Rich'ard, Rob'ert, Ru'fus, Rowland, 
and Rowland. 

Sam'uel, Saul, Seth, Si'las, Si'mon, Sim'eon, Sol'omon, 
Ste'phen, Syd'ney, Sylva'nus, Sylves'ter and Silves'ter, 
Thadde'us, Theo'dore, Theoph'ilus, Thom'as, Tiin'othy, 
Ti'tus, Tris'tan, TTri'ah, Wal'ter, Wil'liam, Zechari'ah 
and Zachari'ah, Zache'us, Zach'ary. 

Names of Women. ■ 

Abigail, Ad'aline, Ade'lia, Al'ice, Anian'da, Ame'lia, 
Anna, Anne, Arian'a, Augus'ta, Aure'lia, Arabella, 
14* L 



162 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Angelina, Belin'da, Bet/sey, Blanche, Bridg'et, Car'oline, 
Catherine and Catherine, Charlotte, Chris'tina, Cla- 
rissa, Clementi'na, Cornelia. Cyn'thia, Ce'lia, Corde'iia. 

Deb'orah, De'lia, Dor'othy, E'dith, El'eanor, Eli'za, 
Eliz'abeth, El'len, Em'ily, Ern'ma, Em'elino and Em'me- 
line, Es'ther, Eu'genie, Eu'nice, Eveli'na, Euphe'mia, 
Fanny, Frances, Fide'lia, Georgian 'a, Grace, Ger'trude. 

Han'nah, Har'riet, Hel'en, Henrietta, Isabella, Jane, 
Jo'sephine, Julia, Janet' and Jeannette', Ju'liet, Kath'a- 
rin and Kath'erin, Lavin'ia, Lseti'tia, Lau'ra, Loui'sa, 
Lucin'da, Lucre'tia, Lucy, Lyd'ia. 

Mad'eline, Mar'garet, Mar'cia, Mary, Matil'da, Maud, 
Meliss'a, Nancy, Olive, Priscil'la, Ra'chel, Rebec'ca, 
Sarah, Sophi'a, Susan, TheOdo'ra, Yicto'ria. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 163 

Abbreviations. 

LATIN. 

A. B., Artium Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Arts. 
A. G., Ante Christum, Before Christ. 
A. 31. , Artium Magister, Master of Arts. 
A. 31., Anno Mundi, In the year of the world. 
A. 31., Ante Meridiem, Before Noon. 

A. U. G., Ab Urbe Condita, From the building of the city. 

B. D., Baccalaureus Divinitatis, Bachelor of Divinity. 

B. 31., Baccalaureus Medicinse, Bachelor of Medicine. 

G., Gent., Centum, A hundred. 

Glh., Clericus, Clergyman. 

Cap., Capitatum, Chapter. 

G.P. S., Custos Privati Sigilli, Keeper of the Privy Seal. 

C. R., Custos Rotatorum, Keeper of the Rolls. 
G. S., Custos Sigilli, Keeper of the Seal. 

D. D., Doctor Divinitatis, Doctor of Divinity. 
D. V., Deo Yolente, God willing. 

e.g., Exempli Gratia, Por example. 

Ibid., Ibid, The same (author). 

i. e., id est, That is. 

Incog., Incognito, Unknown, concealed. 

I. H S., Jesus Hominum Salvator, Jesus the Saviour of men. 

LL, D., Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws. 

L. S., Locus Sigilli, The place of the Seal. 

L. S. D., LibraB Solidi Denarii, Pounds, Shillings, Pence 

Lib., Liber, Books. 

M. D., Medicines Doctor, Doctor of Medicine. 



164 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER 



M. 8., Memoriae Sacrum, Sacred to the Memory. 

N. B. , Nota Bene, Note well ; Take notice. 

Nem. con., Neinine Contradicente, No one opposing it. 

Per cent., Per centum, By the hundred. 
P. M., Post Meridiem, In the afternoon. 
Prox., Proximo, Next (month or term). 
P. S., Post Scriptum, Postscript. 

Q.E.D., Quod erat demonstrandum, "Which was to be 
proved. 

Sc, Scilicet, To wit; understood. 

S. G, Senatus Consultum,A decree of the Senate. 

S. T. D., Sacrae Theologise Doctor, Doctor of Divinity. 

Ult.j Ultimo, In the last (month). 

V. R. , Yictoria Regina, Queen Yictoria. 

Vide, Yide, See thou ; refer to. 

Viz., Yidelicet, To wit; namely. 

&c, Et csetera, And the rest ; and so forth. 



ENGLISH. 



Ans., Answer. 
Anon., Anonymous. 
Acct., Account. 

B. A., Bachelor of Arts. 
Bart., Baronet. 



Gapt., Captain. 

Chap., Chapter. 

Go., Company or County. Cr., Creditor. 



Apr., April. 
Atty., Attorney. 
Aug., August. 

Bbl., Barrel. 
Bp.j Bishop. 

Got, Colonel. 
Gomr., Commissioner. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 165 

Dec., December. Do., Ditto, the same. 

Dr., Debtor or Doctor. 

E., East. Eph., Ephesians. 

E. L., East Longitude. Ex., Exodus or Example. 

Excli., Exchequer. Exr., Executor. 

Esq., Esquire. 

Fa,, Florida. F. S. A., Fellow of the An- 

F.R. S., Fellow of the Royal tiquarian Society. 
Society. Feb., February. 

Fr., France or French. 

Ga., Georgia. Gov., Governor. 

Gent., Gentleman. Geo., George. 

Gen., General. 

Hhd., Hogshead. Hon., Honorable. 

Inst., Instant; present month. Jr. , Junior. 
Jan., January. Knt,, Knight. 

Lat., Latitude. Lon., Longitude. 

Lieut., Lieutenant. 

Messrs., Gentlemen. Mr., Mister (Master). 

31. C, Member of Congress. Mrs., Mistress. 
M. P., Member of Parlia- MS., Manuscript, 
ment. 

N. S., New Style. Nov., November. 

N., North. No. } Number. 

O.S., Old Style. Oz., Ounce. 

Svo., Octavo. 18 mo., Octodecimo. 

Oct., October. 



166 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 



Prof., Professor. 

Q., Question or Queen. 

Reed., Received. 
Regr., Register. 
Rep. , Representative. 

Sec, Secretary. 
Sept., September. 
St., Saint, 

U. S., United States. 

Va., Virginia, 

W., West. 

W. L, West Indies. 



Ps., Psalm. 

tto., Quarto. 

Rev. , Reverend or Revelation. 
Rom., Romans. 
Rt. Hon., Right Honorable. 
R. N., Royal Navy. 

Serg., Sergeant. 
Serv., Servant. 

Vt., Vermont. 
Vol., "Volume. 
Wi., Weight. 



Latin and Greek "Words and Phrases Explained. 

A cruce, Salvation from the cross. 

A fortiori, For a still stronger reason. 

A priori, From the cause to the effect, 

A posteriori, From the effect to the cause. 

Ad infinitum, To infinity. 

Ad libitum, At pleasure. 

Ad valorem, According to value. 

Alibi, Elsewhere. 

Alma Mater, A benignant mother ; the college to which 

one is attached. 
Audi alteram partem, Hear the other side. 
Argumentum ad hominem, To the man ; personal. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 167 

Argumentum baculinum, Club law. 

JEquo animo, Willingly, with composure. 

Ad animum, After one's heart. 

Ad unguem, Highly finished. 

Aut GcBsar aut nullus, He will be Cassar or nobody. 

Ad captandum vulgus, To catch the rabble, 

Ad eundem, To the same degree. 

Ah initio, From the beginning. 

Ad absurdum, Reduced to absurdity. 

Ad arbitrium, At will. 

A mensa et thoro, From bed and board. 

Ab ovo, usque ad malum, From beginning to end. 

Benigno numine, By the favor of Providence. 
Bona fide, In good faith. 
Bono animo es, Be of good cheer. 
Brutum fulmen, Harmless thunder. 

Cacoethes scribendi, A rage for writing. 
Cceteris paribus, Other things being equal. 
Cui bono ? Of what use ? 
Gurrente calamo, With running pen. 
Compos mentis, Of a sound mind. 

Data, Things granted. 

Be facto, In fact. 

Deficit, A want or deficiency. 

Dei gratia, By the grace of God. 

De jure, In law or right. 

De mortuis nil nisi bonum, Of the dead say nothing except 

what is good. 
De novo, Anew. 
Deo volente, God willing. 



168 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

Divide et impera, Divide and conquer. 
Durante bene placito, During pleasure. 
Durante vita, During life. 

Ecce homo, Behold the man. 

E pluribus unum, One from many. 

Esto perpetua, May it last for ever. 

Est modus in rebus, There's a medium in everything. 

Ex cathedra, From the chair^ 

Exempli gratia, For example. 

Ex post facto, After the deed. 

Ex officio, By virtue of office. 

Ex uno disce omnes, From one specimen judge of the rest. 

Experimentum crucis, A double test. 

Ex parte, On one side. 

Ex nikilo nihil fit, Nothing produces nothing. 

Ex animo. Heartily, sincerely. 

Fecit, He executed it. 

Flagrante delicto, During the commission of the crime. 

For titer in re, Firmly. 

Felo dese, Self-murder. 

Gratis, For nothing. 
Gratias, Thanks. 

Humanum est errare, To err is human. 

Imprimatur, Let it be printed. 

Imprimis, In the first place. 

Impromptu, Without study. 

In limine, At the outset. 

In statu quo, In its former state. 

In usum Delphini, For the use of the Dauphin, 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 169 

Incognito, In disguise. 

In propria persona, In person. 

In re, In the matter of. 

In toto, Entirely. 

Ipse dixit, Mere assertion. 

Ipso facto, By the fact itself. 

Invita Minerva, Without capacity. 

Jure divino, By divine right. 
Jus gentium, The law of nations. 
Jure humano, By human law. 

Labor omnia vincit, Labor overcomes everything. 

Lapsus linguae, A slip of the tongue. 

Litera scripta manet, The written letter remains. 

Lapsus naturce, A freak of nature. 

Locum tenens, A substitute. 

Magnus Apollo, Great oracle. 

Magna Charta {Tear to), The great charter. 

Manes, Departed spirits. 

Maximum, The greatest. 

Memento mori, Remember death. 

Meum et tuum, Mine and Thine. 

Minimum, The least. 

Multum in parvo, Much in little. 

Mens sibi conscia recti, A mind conscious of rectitude. 

Nemine contradicente {nem. con.), None opposing. 

Ne plus ultra, Perfection. 

Ne sutor ultra crepidam, Let the shoemaker stick to his 

last. 
Nisi prius, Unless before. 
Nil desperandum, Never despair. 
15 



170 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

Non compos mentis, Without common sense. 
Non sequitur, It does not follow. 
Novus homo, A man of low birth. 
Nunquam non paratus, Always ready. 
Nosce te ipsum, Know thyself. 
Nolens volens, Willing or not. 
Non est inventus, Not to be found. 

Onus probandi, The burden of proof. 

Otium cum dignitate, Dignified retirement. 

Opus operation, A mere outward work. 

tempora, mores, the corruption of the times. 

Pace tua, With thy permission. 

Par nobile fratrum, Two just alike. 

Primum mobile, The first mover. 

Pro re nata, According to the circumstances of the case. 

Principiis obsta, Resist the beginning of evil. 

Pro aris etfocis, For our firesides. 

Pro hac vice, For this turn. 

Posse comitatus, An armed body. 

Quid pro quo, An equivalent. 

Quid novo, What news. 

Quo animo, With what intent. 

Para avis, A prodigy. 
Requiescat, May he rest in peace. 
Resurgam, I shall rise again. 

Scire facias, Show cause. 
Sine qua non, An indispensable condition. 
Suaviter in modo, Gentle in manner. 
Toto coelo, As far asunder as the poles. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 171 

Vade mecum, A companion. 

Vi et armis, By main force. 

Viva voce, By word of mouth. 

Via, By way of. 

Vox et prcetera nihil, Empty sound. 



French and Foreign Phrases Pronounced and Explained. 

Aide-de-camp {aid de cong), A military officer under a 
General. 

A la mode (ah la mode), In the full fashion. 

Alguazil (al guah zeeV), A Spanish constable. 

Amateur (ah ma teur'), A lover of any science or art. 

Attache (at ia sha'), One attached to the suite of an am- 
bassador. 

Au fait (ofay), Master of the subject. 

Auto de fe (Sp., aw to dafa) 3 The punishing a heretic 
by burning. 

Au pis alter (o pee zah' lai), At the worst. 

Badinage (bad i nazh), Jest, sport, light discourse. 

Bagatelle (baga tel'), A trifle, a toy. 

Banquette (bong ket'),' A small bank at the foot of the 

parapet. 
Bayou (bi o'), A narrow inlet or creek. 
Bateau (bat o'), A long light boat. 
Beaus esprits (boz es pree'), Men of wit. 
Beau monde (bo mond'), The gay or fashionable world. 
Beau ideal (bo i de ; al), Ideal excellence existing only in 

the imagination. 



172 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

Belles lettres {pel lettr), Polite literature. 

Bijou (be' zhoo), Jewelry, a trinket. 

Bivouack (bee'vwak), To watch or guard. 

Blanc mange (bla monj), White jelly made with sugar 

and isinglass. 
Bon vivant (bon ve vong), A luxurious liver, a boon 

companion. 
Bou doir (bou dwahr), A small private apartment. 

Canaille {ha rial), The rabble, the dregs of the people. 

Carte blanche (kart blansh), A' blank paper to be filled up 
as one pleases. 

Chef d'ceuvre (sha dovr), A master-piece, a capital per- 
formance. 

Chevaux de frieze (shev o deh freeze), A spiked fence. 

Ci-devant (see de vang), Formerly. 

Comme il faut {com eelfo), As it should be. 

Con amore (con a mo' re), It, gladly. 

Connoisseur (con a sehr), A skilful judge, a critic. 

Coup de grace (coo deh grass'), The finishing blow. 

Coup de main (coo deh man), A bold enterprise. 

Coup d'etat (coo deh tah), A master stroke in politics. 

Coup d'ceil (coo deuhl), A glance of the eye. 

Debris (de bree'), Broken remains. 
Debut (de bwe'), First appearance. 
Dejeuner a la fourchette (de zheun ne ah lah foorsha), 

A public breakfast. 
Dernier resort (dairn-yai resor), As a last resort. 
Devoir (dev wahr), Due respects. 

Double entendre (doo-ble on tong der), Double meaning. 
Douceur (doo sehr), A small present or bribe. 



THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 173 

Dieu et mon droit (Dieu a mong drwah), God and my 

right. 
Detour (deh toor), A circuit, a turning. 



Eleve (ai lave), One brought up by another, a pupil. 
En bon point (ang bong poang), In good condition, plump- 
ness. 
En passant (ang pas song), In passing, by the way. 
Ennui (on wee), Disgust, listlessness. 
Esprit de corps (es pre deli core), The spirit of the party. 
Espionage (espe on aj), A close watch. 

Facade (fah sade), Front of a building. 
Faux pas (fo pah), A false step. 

Feu de joie (feu deh zhwah), A bonfire, a discharge of 
firearms. 

Honi soit qui maly pense (ho ne sivaw kee mahl e pahns), 
Evil to him that evil thinks. 

Teh dien (ich deen), I rival — the motto of the Prince of 
Wales. 

Je ne sais quoi (Je ne say hwah), I know not what. 
Jet d'eau (zhai do), A fountain, an ornamental waterspout. 
Jeu d 'esprit (zheu des pree), A witticism. 
Jen de mots (zheud mo), Play upon words. 

Mai a propos (mal ap ro po'), Out of time, unseasonable. 
Naivette (nahv et), Ingenuousness, simplicity. 
Nom de guerre (nong deh gair), An assumed name. 
Nonchalance (non sha lohnce), Coolness, indifference, 
15* 



174 THE COMPLETE SPELLER. 

On dit (ohn dee), A flying report. 
Outre 1 (oo troy) Extraordinary. 

Patois (pat wah f ), Provincialism. 

Penchant (pan shong), Propensity, leaning toward. 

Qui vive (kee vee), Who goes there ? On the alert. 
Qui va la°$ (kee vah la), Who goes there ? 

Bencontre (ralin contr), An encounter, an unexpected 

meeting. 
Buse de guerre (roos de gair)] A stratagem of war. 

Sang fr oid (sahnfrwah), Coolness. 
Sans culotte (sang cu lot'), The rabble. 
Sobriquet (so bre quay), A nickname. 
Soi disant (swah dee zang), Self-styled. 
Soiree (swah rai'), An evening party. 
Souvenir (soov neer), Remembrance. 

Tapis (ta pee), On the carpet; under consideration. 
Tete-a-tete (tait ah tait), A private conversation. 
Tout ensemble (toot ahn sohmble), The whole. 

Valet de chambre (val e deh shombr), A footman. . 
Vis-a-vis (veez a vee), Face to face. 
.Vive la bagatelle (veev la bagateV), Success to trifles. 
Vive la, roi (veev le rwah), Long live the king. 



THE END. 



ar. 2 






^■MBM 



- — - 




^ — — -^l „ UBRARY OF CONGRESS 

H. COWPERTHWi 
BOOKSELLERS AN] 

PHILADELI 

Have for sale a large stock of Books in every de, U UUo155 908A 

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SWAN'S SERIES OF SCHOOL READERS AND SPELLERS. 



GREENE'S GRAMMATICAL SERIES. 



BERARD'S HISTORY. • 

A School History of the United States, by B. Berard. 

This work is very beautifully illustrated, entirely from original design* . It X 

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ARITHMETIC AND ITS APPLICATIONS; 

Designed as a text-book for Common Schools, High Schools, and Academies, by Dan.> 

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This work contains many new and original features, and is warmly commended by 
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URCULLTTS SPANISH GRAMMAR. 
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JARVIS'S PHYSIOLOGIES. 

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For the use of Schools and Families. Bevised Edition, with Seventy Engravingu 
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